{"title":"同型半胱氨酸如何调节成骨细胞和骨细胞的功能","authors":"Vijith Vijayan, Sarika Gupta","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76398","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, numerous mechanisms have been identified through which homocys - teine affects osteoblast functioning. These include alterations in collagen structure, epi genetic modifications and changes in RANKL-OPG production by osteoblasts. These mechanisms are reviewed in this chapter. We have also herein discussed how homocys teine affects osteocyte behavior. With onset of hyperhomocysteinemia induction of osteo - cyte specific genes particularly the mineralization genes like Dmp1 and Sost is facilitated producing untoward mineralization, osteocyte apoptosis, deviations from regular bone remodeling process and onset of targeted remodeling in bone. These modifications have immense effect on the overall mechanical stability of bone. Homocysteine thus represents an independent risk factor for bone fragility. parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, glucocorti -coids, bone morphogenetic proteins, prostaglandins, sex hormones, various cytokines and the molecular triad comprising of OPG (osteoprotegerin), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK). The cells involved in the process are osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, immune cells, megakaryocytes and osteomacs. suggested a 3 levels) homocysteine levels. conclusions that cbs is a primary 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 target gene which renders homocysteine metabolism responsive to 1,25(OH) 2","PeriodicalId":367830,"journal":{"name":"Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"How Homocysteine Modulates the Function of Osteoblasts and Osteocytes\",\"authors\":\"Vijith Vijayan, Sarika Gupta\",\"doi\":\"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76398\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Over the years, numerous mechanisms have been identified through which homocys - teine affects osteoblast functioning. These include alterations in collagen structure, epi genetic modifications and changes in RANKL-OPG production by osteoblasts. These mechanisms are reviewed in this chapter. We have also herein discussed how homocys teine affects osteocyte behavior. With onset of hyperhomocysteinemia induction of osteo - cyte specific genes particularly the mineralization genes like Dmp1 and Sost is facilitated producing untoward mineralization, osteocyte apoptosis, deviations from regular bone remodeling process and onset of targeted remodeling in bone. These modifications have immense effect on the overall mechanical stability of bone. Homocysteine thus represents an independent risk factor for bone fragility. parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, glucocorti -coids, bone morphogenetic proteins, prostaglandins, sex hormones, various cytokines and the molecular triad comprising of OPG (osteoprotegerin), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK). The cells involved in the process are osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, immune cells, megakaryocytes and osteomacs. suggested a 3 levels) homocysteine levels. conclusions that cbs is a primary 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 target gene which renders homocysteine metabolism responsive to 1,25(OH) 2\",\"PeriodicalId\":367830,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2018-11-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76398\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76398","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
摘要
多年来,已经确定了许多机制,通过同型同源蛋白影响成骨细胞的功能。这些包括胶原结构的改变,表观遗传修饰和成骨细胞产生RANKL-OPG的变化。本章将对这些机制进行综述。我们在此也讨论了同型染色体如何影响骨细胞的行为。随着高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生,骨细胞特异性基因,特别是矿化基因如Dmp1和Sost容易发生矿化异常、骨细胞凋亡、偏离正常骨重塑过程和骨靶向重塑的发生。这些改良对骨的整体机械稳定性有巨大的影响。因此,同型半胱氨酸是骨骼脆弱的独立危险因素。甲状旁腺激素、生长激素、甲状腺激素、糖皮质激素、骨形态发生蛋白、前列腺素、性激素、各种细胞因子以及由OPG (osteoprotegerin)、核因子-κB配体受体激活因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, RANKL)和核因子-κB受体激活因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, RANK)组成的分子三合一。参与这一过程的细胞有成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨细胞、免疫细胞、巨核细胞和骨瘤细胞。建议3个水平的同型半胱氨酸。结论:cbs是主要的1,25(OH) 2 d3靶基因,使同型半胱氨酸代谢响应1,25(OH) 2
How Homocysteine Modulates the Function of Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
Over the years, numerous mechanisms have been identified through which homocys - teine affects osteoblast functioning. These include alterations in collagen structure, epi genetic modifications and changes in RANKL-OPG production by osteoblasts. These mechanisms are reviewed in this chapter. We have also herein discussed how homocys teine affects osteocyte behavior. With onset of hyperhomocysteinemia induction of osteo - cyte specific genes particularly the mineralization genes like Dmp1 and Sost is facilitated producing untoward mineralization, osteocyte apoptosis, deviations from regular bone remodeling process and onset of targeted remodeling in bone. These modifications have immense effect on the overall mechanical stability of bone. Homocysteine thus represents an independent risk factor for bone fragility. parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, glucocorti -coids, bone morphogenetic proteins, prostaglandins, sex hormones, various cytokines and the molecular triad comprising of OPG (osteoprotegerin), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK). The cells involved in the process are osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, immune cells, megakaryocytes and osteomacs. suggested a 3 levels) homocysteine levels. conclusions that cbs is a primary 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 target gene which renders homocysteine metabolism responsive to 1,25(OH) 2