Verifying and applying LES-C turbulence models for turbulent incompressible flow and fluid-fluid interaction problems

The large eddy simulation (LES) models for incompressible flow have found wide application in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), including areas relevant to aeronautics such as computing drag and lift coefficients and fluid-structure interaction problems [1, 2]. LES models have also found application in climate science through modeling fluid-fluid (atmosphere-ocean) problems. Large eddy simulation with correction (LES-C) turbulence models, introduced in 2020, are a new class of turbulence models which rely on defect correction to build a high-accuracy turbulence model on top of any existing LES model [3, 4, 5]. LES-C models have two additional benefits worth serious consideration. First, LES-C models are easy to run in parallel: One processor can compute the defect (LES) solution, while the other processor computes the LES-C solution. Thus, if one has access to a machine with more than one computational core (essentially ubiquitous in modern architectures), the improved solution comes at nearly no cost in terms of the “wall time” it takes a simulation to complete. Second, LES-C models readily lend themselves to coupling with other