Relationship between physical activity and trajectories of anxiety and depression scores in college students

Objective To investigate the relationship between different physical activity pattern and trajectories of anxiety and depression scores in college students, and to provide evidence for exploring the influence of physical activity on the development of anxiety and depression. Methods A total of 1 265 college students from grade 2017 in a comprehensive university were investigated longitudinally for five times through stratified cluster sampling. Physical Activity Rank Scale-3 (PARS-3), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used, and latent class linear mixed models (LCLMM) were used to identify the trajectories of anxiety and depression scores and multinomial Logistic regression models were used for exploring the relationship between small persistent status of physical activity among the five surveys and subgroups of trajectory and anxiety and depression scores. Results A total of 940(74.3%) college students were indentified as low persistent physical activity group and 325 (25.7%) of them were identified as moderatre-to-high persistent physical activity group. The trajectories of anxiety score were classified into three groups: low level group, high level-decreasing group, and high level group. The number and proportion of the three groups were 686(54.2%), 144(11.4%), 435(34.4%), respectively. The trajectories of depression score were classified into four groups: low level group, moderate level-decreasing group, moderate level-increasing group, and high level group. The number and proportion of the five groups were 604(47.8%), 170 (13.4%), 177 (14.0%), 314(24.8%), respectively. Compared to the students with moderate-to-high persistent physical activity, higher persistent physical activity was associated with higher risk of keeping anxiety score at a high level ( OR = 1.78), and higher odds of decreasing depression score at moderate level ( OR = 0.67), as well as with higher risk of increasing depression score from a moderate level ( OR = 1.79), and increase the risk of keeping depression score at a high level ( OR = 1.97) ( P <0.05). Conclusion Low persistent physical activity of college students could increase the risk of anxiety and depression at a high level. Relevant departments in universities should encourage students to take part in physical activity, with special focus given to individuals with less amount of physical activity and take effective interventional measures to modify the development of anxiety and depression. 【摘要】 目的 分析不同运动量的体育活动持续状态与焦虑、抑郁评分变化轨迹之间的关联, 为更好认识体育活动对大 学生焦虑、抑郁发展情况的影响提供参考。 方法 采用分层整群抽样法, 对山东省某综合性大学 2017 级 1 265 名学生进 行 5 次随访, 使用体育活动等级量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表进行问卷调査, 并通过潜在类线性混合模型识别焦虑、 抑郁评分变化轨迹, 采用无序多分类 Logistic 回归分析 5 次调査小运动量的体育活动持续状态与焦虑和抑郁评分变化轨迹 之间的关联。 结果 每次均为小运动量者 940 名 (74.3%), 每次均为中等或大运动量者 325 名 (25.7%)。焦虑评分变化轨 迹被分为低水平组、髙水平-下降组、髙水平组, 分别为 686 (54.2%)、144 (11.4%)、435 (34.4%) 名；抑郁评分变化轨迹被分 为低水平组、中水平-下降组、髙水平组、中水平-上升组, 分别为 604 (47.8%)、170 (13.4%)、177 (14.0%)、314 (24.8%) 名。 以中等或大运动量学生作为参照, 持续为小运动量状态会增加焦虑保持在髙水平的风险 ( OR =1.78)、使抑郁评分在中等水 平继续降低的可能性降低 ( OR = 0.67)、增加抑郁评分从中等水平继续升髙 ( OR =1.79) 和持续保持在髙水平的风险 ( OR = 1.97) ( P 值均<0.05)。 结论 大学生持续小运动量状态会增加焦虑、抑郁髙水平的风险。应倡导大学生积极参与体育锻 炼, 关注日常体育活动量较少个体的心理健康状况。