{"title":"介绍标准加速图表和语言病理学的特殊章节。","authors":"M. Commons, M. Koenig","doi":"10.1037/H0101377","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Behavioral Development Bulletin includes articles addressing issues in precision teaching (PT) and articles describing the use of other behavior analytic procedures for building verbal repertoires and related skills. All of these describe short or long term developmental interventions. In the Standard Celeration Charting (also called PT) section, there are two articles that demonstrated the use of PT for targeting different types of skills to individuals of varying ages. For example, Commons, Owen, and Will demonstrated the successful use of standard celeration charting (SCC) in combination with Graf’s (1994) say-all-fast-minute-each-dayshuffled (SAFMED) for teaching complex concepts (the model of hierarchical complexity; Commons, Gane-McCalla, Barked, & Li, 2014) to college students. Spillman and Milyko described the use of PT techniques 1-min positive thoughts intervention for decreasing negative statements and increasing the academic performance of a third grader. Calkin’s paper, “Global War on Terror,” uses SCC to show the decrease in terroristic attack. The Speech-Language Pathology articles demonstrate specialized features of PT that permit finergrained analyses of behavior change or of contextual features associated with performance. Meyer, Aninao, Newsome, and Newsome demonstrated the use of PT for targeting latency, rate, and duration together with accuracy as important dimensions of skill mastery. Aninao, Acevedo, Newsome, and Newsome demonstrated the advantage of using the SCCfor real-time decision-making. Aninao, Fuller, Newsome, and Newsome presented a study showing that the SCC can be used for demonstrating how contextual features of instruction (e.g., school enrollment status, medication changes, and inconsistent session attendance) can be observed as critical to academic task performance. Bennett, Newsome, and Newsome described the use of the SCC for demonstrating the functional relationship between tool skills (e.g., letter sound fluency) and composite repertoires (e.g., oral reading fluency). The issue has two papers that describe case studies. McDonald, Battaglia, and Keane’s study examined a fixed-interval-based prompting procedure for supporting a 6-year-old boy’s spontaneous approach to the picture exchange communication system (PECS) and pyramid approach to education PECS book for selecting icons to request preferred items. Kim and Clarke examined the use of an iPad-based intervention for promoting the turn-taking behaviors of twin boys with autism. The issue also includes two other behavioral analytics experimental studies. A study by Cornelius and Habarad demonstrated the use of behavior analytic techniques for building verbal repertoires while decreasing the self-injurious behavior of a 12-year-old boy with autism. Greer and Han’s study demonstrated a functional relationship between the establishment of reinforcement for observing pages of print on (a) the emergence of generalized match-tosample, and (b) preference (i.e., conditioned reinforcement) for looking at books in free play. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
本期的《行为发展公报》包括了关于精确教学(PT)问题的文章,以及描述使用其他行为分析程序来建立语言库和相关技能的文章。所有这些都描述了短期或长期的发展干预。在标准加速图表(也称为PT)部分,有两篇文章演示了使用PT针对不同年龄的个体的不同类型的技能。例如,Commons、Owen和Will展示了将标准加速图表(SCC)与Graf(1994)的“每天快一分钟”(SAFMED)相结合,成功地用于教授复杂概念(层次复杂性模型;Commons, game - mccalla, Barked, & Li, 2014)。Spillman和Milyko描述了使用PT技术,1分钟积极思想干预来减少消极陈述和提高三年级学生的学习成绩。卡尔金的论文《全球反恐战争》(Global War on Terror)使用SCC来显示恐怖袭击的减少。言语-语言病理学文章展示了PT的特殊特征,这些特征允许对行为变化或与表现相关的上下文特征进行细粒度分析。Meyer、Aninao、Newsome和Newsome证明了PT的使用是针对延迟、速率和持续时间以及准确性作为技能掌握的重要维度。Aninao、Acevedo、Newsome和Newsome展示了使用scc进行实时决策的优势。Aninao、Fuller、Newsome和Newsome提出了一项研究,表明SCC可以用来证明教学的语境特征(例如,学校入学状况、药物变化和不一致的会议出勤)如何被观察到对学业任务表现至关重要。Bennett、Newsome和Newsome描述了SCC用于证明工具技能(例如,字母发音流畅性)和复合技能(例如,口语阅读流畅性)之间的功能关系。这个问题有两篇论文描述了案例研究。McDonald, Battaglia和Keane的研究考察了一个基于固定间隔的提示程序,以支持一个6岁男孩自发地使用图片交换通信系统(PECS)和金字塔方法来教育PECS书,以选择图标来请求首选项目。Kim和Clarke研究了使用基于ipad的干预来促进自闭症双胞胎男孩的轮流行为。这个问题还包括另外两个行为分析实验研究。Cornelius和Habarad的一项研究展示了使用行为分析技术来建立语言库,同时减少一个12岁的自闭症男孩的自残行为。Greer和Han的研究证明了在(a)广义匹配样本的出现和(b)在自由游戏中看书的偏好(即条件强化)上建立观察印刷页面的强化之间的函数关系。他们的研究对象是三个幼儿园的孩子。
Introduction to the special sections on Standard Celeration Charting and speech-language pathology.
This issue of Behavioral Development Bulletin includes articles addressing issues in precision teaching (PT) and articles describing the use of other behavior analytic procedures for building verbal repertoires and related skills. All of these describe short or long term developmental interventions. In the Standard Celeration Charting (also called PT) section, there are two articles that demonstrated the use of PT for targeting different types of skills to individuals of varying ages. For example, Commons, Owen, and Will demonstrated the successful use of standard celeration charting (SCC) in combination with Graf’s (1994) say-all-fast-minute-each-dayshuffled (SAFMED) for teaching complex concepts (the model of hierarchical complexity; Commons, Gane-McCalla, Barked, & Li, 2014) to college students. Spillman and Milyko described the use of PT techniques 1-min positive thoughts intervention for decreasing negative statements and increasing the academic performance of a third grader. Calkin’s paper, “Global War on Terror,” uses SCC to show the decrease in terroristic attack. The Speech-Language Pathology articles demonstrate specialized features of PT that permit finergrained analyses of behavior change or of contextual features associated with performance. Meyer, Aninao, Newsome, and Newsome demonstrated the use of PT for targeting latency, rate, and duration together with accuracy as important dimensions of skill mastery. Aninao, Acevedo, Newsome, and Newsome demonstrated the advantage of using the SCCfor real-time decision-making. Aninao, Fuller, Newsome, and Newsome presented a study showing that the SCC can be used for demonstrating how contextual features of instruction (e.g., school enrollment status, medication changes, and inconsistent session attendance) can be observed as critical to academic task performance. Bennett, Newsome, and Newsome described the use of the SCC for demonstrating the functional relationship between tool skills (e.g., letter sound fluency) and composite repertoires (e.g., oral reading fluency). The issue has two papers that describe case studies. McDonald, Battaglia, and Keane’s study examined a fixed-interval-based prompting procedure for supporting a 6-year-old boy’s spontaneous approach to the picture exchange communication system (PECS) and pyramid approach to education PECS book for selecting icons to request preferred items. Kim and Clarke examined the use of an iPad-based intervention for promoting the turn-taking behaviors of twin boys with autism. The issue also includes two other behavioral analytics experimental studies. A study by Cornelius and Habarad demonstrated the use of behavior analytic techniques for building verbal repertoires while decreasing the self-injurious behavior of a 12-year-old boy with autism. Greer and Han’s study demonstrated a functional relationship between the establishment of reinforcement for observing pages of print on (a) the emergence of generalized match-tosample, and (b) preference (i.e., conditioned reinforcement) for looking at books in free play. The participants in their study were three kindergarteners.