ON SOME FEATURES OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE REGULATORY ROLE OF FATWAS USED IN THE DERADICALIZATION OF THE POPULATION IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES

The article discusses the features of the scientific and methodological study of the regulatory role of fatwas used in the deradicalization of the population in Muslim countries. The object of the study is the fatwas issued by the ulema of Egypt, Turkey, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and aimed at deradicalization of the people’s opinions. The subject of the study is the regulatory role and processes of applying fatwas to deradicalize the population of these countries. The study of the subject covers historical, theological, legal, socio-psychological, and political aspects, and to solve the tasks set, several scientific approaches and methods are required. The importance of applying theological and academic approaches is substantiated. According to the theological approach, social and all other processes are explained from the divine point of view. The corresponding norms of religious sources are studied. Each source of the chosen fatwa - sura, verse of the Koran, hadith, or the conclusion of authoritative ulema is subject to analysis and consideration primarily from a theological point of view. However, this approach will not give applied conclusions if the research, along with the theological aspect, involves the issue of radicalization, which requires the study of socio-political, economic, psychological, and other features of the object and subject of research. We think that with the theological approach, it is important to apply the academic approach in Islamic studies. One of the components of the scientific and methodological basis of this study is the comparative method. This method helps to identify the general forms, types, and effectiveness of fatwas. It is necessary to apply the genetic method - a method of studying social phenomena based on an analysis of their development to determine the features of the creation of fatwas. The application of this scientific method allows us to establish the primary problem - a misunderstanding or a controversial situation on a particular religious issue, on which it is necessary to issue a fatwa. Therefore, for in-depth analysis, it is advisable to apply the narrative method, the method of content analysis, and the empirical approach.