欧洲“自下而上”的生活写作:作者、档案、大道、竞技场

T. Ashplant
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文借鉴了近四十年来的大量学术成果,概述了近代早期以来欧洲“自下而上”(来自阶级或地位等级较低的作者)的各种生活写作形式(包括自传、日记、信件以及口头证词的抄本);以及自20世纪中期以来发展起来的各种各样的、不断发展的国家收集和存档传统。它将这样的写作定位在一个力场之中,一个是由国家(或由公民社会组织或非正式社区压力)构成的外部极点,它迫使或以其他方式引出来自底层的生活写作,另一个是由迄今为止被排除在外的人在某些公共领域叙述他们的生活的冲动构成的内部极点;并研究了不同的方式(国家强制或征求;公民参与,挑战或抵抗),这些压力导致了文本的产生。它确定了民间社会中介人(赞助人、赞助人、商业出版商、合作者)作为个人(潜在)作者与公共领域之间的联系的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Life Writing “from Below” in Europe: Authors, Archives, Avenues, Arenas
Drawing on a large body of scholarship from the last forty years, this article offers an overview of the diverse forms of life writing “from below” (by authors from low down in a class or status hierarchy) in Europe since the early modern period (including autobiographies, diaries, letters, as well as transcripts of oral testimonies); and the varied and developing national traditions of collecting and archiving which have developed since the mid-twentieth century. It locates such writing within a field of force between an exteriority pole constituted by the state (or by organisations of civil society, or informal community pressures) which compel or otherwise elicit life writings from below, and an interiority pole of the impulse of someone hitherto excluded to narrate their life in some public sphere; and examines diverse ways (state compulsion or solicitation; citizen engagement, challenge or resistance) in which these pressures give rise to the production of texts. It identifies the roles of intermediaries within civil society (patrons, sponsors, commercial publishers, collaborators) as links between individual (potential) authors and the public sphere.
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