Control of DC Motor Using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID): Arduino Hardware Implementation

The research proposes controlling DC motor angular speed using the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and hardware implementation using a microcontroller. The microcontroller device is Arduino Uno as data processing, the encoder sensor is to calculate the angular speed, and the motor driver is L298. Based on the hardware implementation, the proportional controller affects the rise time, overshoot, and steady-state error. The integral controller affects overshoot and undershoot. The derivative controller affects overshoot insignificantly. The best parameter PID is Kp=1, Ki=0.3, and Kd=0.1 with system response characteristic without overshoot and undershoot. Using various set point values, the controller can make the DC motor reach the reference signal. Thus, the PID controller can control, handle, and stabilize the DC motor system.