犬不明原因严重气脑的动力学和诊断

A. Studenok, V. A. Trokoz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

现代兽医学及其分支——兽医神经学,正在不断发展。每天都有新的诊断方法出现,以前未被发现的新的动物疾病也在不断增加。关于疾病的发病机制和病因学的许多信息都是从人类医学中借来的,这是一个大问题,因为人类的生理学不同于动物,因此,疾病的动力学也不同。这就是为什么不断改进兽医治疗和疾病诊断是相关和必要的。其中一种罕见而严重的疾病是肺水肿。据报道,这是一种空气在颅腔或脑室中逐渐积聚的情况,会造成危及生命的情况。一般认为,气颅可以自发发生,但在大多数情况下,是在创伤或手术后,颅骨和脑膜完整性受损后诊断出来的。这篇文章描述了一个病例不明原因的脑气在一个年轻的狗谁遭受了头部受伤,而与主人玩耍。事件发生后立即对动物进行神经学检查,诊断为严重中枢神经系统病变(昏睡、斜拉、四肢麻痹);磁共振成像显示明显的脑损伤,伴有明显的心室扩张和充满空气的腔的形成。14天后再次诊断显示气脑进展伴脑腔内气体积聚。脑室内容物分为液体(脑脊液)和空气,未见脑实质进行性炎症过程;未发现连接颅腔与外部环境的瘘管或管道。在狗在兽医诊所停留的整个期间进行的对症和支持性治疗没有取得积极的结果。根据医学指示和主人的意愿,这只动物被实施了安乐死。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dynamics and diagnosis of severe pneumocephalus of unknown etiology in dog
Modern veterinary medicine and its subdivision – veterinary neurology, are constantly evolving. New diagnostic methods are emerging every day, and the list of new, previously unexplored animal diseases is expanding. Much information about the pathogenesis and etiology of diseases is borrowed from human medicine, which is a big problem, because human physiology is different from animals and, as a consequence, the dynamics of the disease are also different. That is why the continuous improvement of veterinary therapy and diagnosis of diseases is relevant and necessary. One of the rare and severe pathologies is pneumocephalus. It is reported that this is a condition in which there is a gradual accumulation of air in the cranial cavity or ventricles of the brain, creating a life-threatening condition. It is considered that pneumocephalus can occur spontaneously but, in most cases, is diagnosed after trauma or surgery with impaired integrity of the skull bones and meninges. This article describes a case of pneumocephalus of unknown etiology in a young dog who suffered a head injury while playing with the owner. During the neurological examination of the animal conducted immediately after the incident was diagnosed with severe central nervous system lesions (sopor, opisthotonus, tetraparesis); magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant brain damage with pronounced ventricular dilatation and the formation of a cavity filled with air. Re-diagnosis after 14 days showed progression of pneumocephalus with gas accumulation in the brain cavities. The contents of the ventricles have a division into liquid (cerebrospinal fluid), and air, progressive inflammatory processes in the brain's parenchyma were not observed; a fistula or canal connecting the cranial cavity and the external environment was not detected. Symptomatic and supportive therapy, carried out during the entire period of the dog's stay in the veterinary clinic, did not have positive results. The animal was euthanized according to medical indications and the owner's wishes.
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