尼日利亚影响养蜂业的捕食者发生率和人为活动

Lawal A. A., M. S., Oyerinde A. A.
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究评估了尼日利亚养蜂业的捕食者和人为活动的发生率。在森林植被的奥约州、奥贡州和奥孙州以及尼日利亚萨凡纳植被带的卡杜纳州、尼日尔州和卡诺州进行了问卷调查。采用参数化均值统计工具对所得数据进行分析。结果表明,养蜂人以学士学位和国家教育证书(各占25.0%)、硕士(8%)、国家文凭(8%)和研究生文凭(9%)居多。森林植被带对养蜂有害的人类活动评价主要为滥用农药(16.67%)、盗窃(33.33%)和牧民(养牛)活动(31.82%),草原植被带主要为滥用农药(25.00%)、盗窃(35.33%)和牧民活动(35.71%)。避免蜜蜂在蜂房周围散布蜂巢是防止害虫传播的最有效方法。其他方法包括:蜂箱卫生,蜂箱定位,手工采摘昆虫,使用废机油,定期除草,围栏蜂房和使用蜂笼。被访者报告将蜂箱涂成绿色以防治黄蜂、蜘蛛、白蚁和小蜡蛾。养蜂人认为除草是控制捕食者最有效的方法,因为养蜂场定期除草对捕食者的控制程度分别为:大鼠(8.33%)、蛇(12.50%)、蟾蜍(29.7%)、青蛙(20.83%)和壁虎(37.50%),而蜥蜴的发生率最高,为54.17%。从应答者的报告中可以发现蜂房问题的传统方法,这些问题分为捕食者和人类活动,包括:蜂群规模缩小,大多数蜜蜂呆在蜂房外,在蜂房内发现害虫,蜜蜂潜逃,而在蜂房内外发现死蜜蜂,蜜蜂不活跃,在蜂房中发现烧焦的草和灌木的痕迹,以及从林分上砍伐的蜂房。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Incidence of Predators and Anthropogenic Activities Affecting Beekeeping in Nigeria
This study evaluated the incidence of predators and anthropogenic activities affecting beekeeping in Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered in Oyo, Ogun and Osun States in the Forest Vegetation and Kaduna, Niger and Kano States in the Savanah vegetation zones of Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed with parametric statistical tool of mean. The result showed that the largest populations of beekeepers were Bachelor Degree and National Certificate in Education NCE holders (25.0% each), MSc (8%), National Diploma ND (8%) and Postgraduate Diploma PGD (9%).  Assessment of human activities that were harmful to beekeeping identified by respondents in the forest vegetation zones revealed indiscriminate use of pesticide (16.67%), theft (33.33%) and herdsmen activity (cattle rearing) (31.82%) while savannah vegetation zones had the following record, indiscriminate use of pesticide (25.00%), theft (35.33%) and herdsmen activity (35.71%). Avoidance of scattering honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) combs around the apiary was found as the most effective method in preventing spread of insect pests. Other methods include: hive sanitation, hive positioning, handpicking of insects, the use of spent engine oil, regular weeding, fencing of apiary and use of bee pen. The hives painted with green coloured paint was reported by respondent to control wasp, spider, termites and lesser wax moth. Beekeepers reported weeding as the most effective method used in controlling predators as it was noted that apiaries regularly weeded controlled the following predators with their respective incidence level: rat (8.33%), snake (12.50%), toad (29.7%), frog (20.83%) and ghecko (37.50%) while the most significant was lizard incidence which was 54.17%. Report from respondents on traditional methods to detect apiary problems categorized into predator and human activities include: decreasing size of colony, majority of bees staying outside the hive, sighting of pests in the apiary and abscondment of bees while human interference was noticed with dead bees found in and outside the hive, inactive bees, trace of burnt grasses and shrubs in the apiary and felled hives from stands.
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