论醉酒在法律中的价值

N. Baima
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引用次数: 2

摘要

柏拉图对醉酒的态度(mËjh)在《律法》中出奇地积极,尤其是与他在《理想国》中对醉酒的消极态度相比。1在《理想国》中,柏拉图认为醉酒会导致懦弱和放纵(3.398e-399e, 3.403e, 9.571c-573b),而在《法律论》中,柏拉图认为醉酒会产生勇气和节制(1.635b, 1.645d-650a, 2.665c-672d)。这就提出了一个问题:柏拉图改变主意了吗?如果他改变了,为什么?最后,本文给出了肯定的答案,并认为这标志着柏拉图对反理性欲望态度的实质性转变。更准确地说,本文认为,在《理想国》中,柏拉图认为反理性的欲望总是对健康和美德有害,而在《法律》中,柏拉图认为反理性的欲望可以有助于健康和美德。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
On the Value of Drunkenness in the Laws
Plato’s attitude towards drunkenness ( mËjh ) is surprisingly positive in the Laws , especially as compared to his negative treatment of intoxication in the Republic . 1 In the Republic , Plato maintains that intoxication causes cowardice and intemperance (3.398e–399e, 3.403e, and 9.571c–573b), while in the Laws , Plato holds that it can produce courage and temperance (1.635b, 1.645d–650a, and 2.665c–672d). This raises the question: Did Plato change his mind, and if he did, why? 2 Ultimately, this paper answers affirmatively and argues that this marks a substantive shift in Plato’s attitude towards anti-rational desires. 3 More precisely, this paper argues that in the Republic , Plato holds that anti-rational desires are always detrimental to health and virtue, while in the Laws , Plato maintains that anti-rational desires can be instrumental to health and virtue.
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