Evaluation of Pregnancies with Pre-existing Hypertension and Diabetes

The complications in  pregnancy can happen due to diabetes and hypertension which may affect the mother or the fetus. Objective: To evaluate pregnancy in hypertensive and diabetic pregnant women to detect associated risk factors and complications. Methods:The research was a cross-sectional method of study, conducted over 4 months from December 2021 to March 2022 in a private hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan. A sample size of 50 was considered as per convenience. The data was analyzed using SPSS V20 software. The age of patients considered was  minimum 18 years to maximum 50 years . The scan was done using greyscale type 2D Mindary ultrasound equipment. A written consent form was also taken from patients. Results:  The results showed that 15(30%)  patients were presented with diabetes mellitus, 32(64%) has hypertension and 3(6%) has both hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The complications included low lying placenta and placental abruption in 1(2%), polyhydramnios in 3(6%) and oligohydramnios in 1(2%). Microcephaly was found in 1(2%) and hydrocephalus was seen in 2(4%). Fetal abortion was found in 7(14%) and only 3(6%) have  chance of  having a fetus with abnormalities due to hypertension and diabetes whereas most of them have normal birth 43(86%) with no complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, the majority of women with diabetes mellitus and  hypertension can have a normal pregnancy and birth, but some may face difficulties such as intrauterine fetal mortality, fetal congenital abnormalities and defects and still birth