Life cycle assessment of rice hull — Coal co-firing for portland cement clinker production

Co-firing coal with biomass is one way to reduce greenhouse gas contribution from clinker production. A model was developed to determine the optimum percentage mix of rice hull for a cement plant in the Philippines that would provide the minimum life impact while ensuring product quality and economic viability. Results indicated that optimum environmental benefits is obtained at 64% rice hull thermal substitution. It is important however also to take into consideration rice hull supply limitations and system modification requirements.