论柏拉图对话录《亚西比德第一篇》中的战争概念

S. Neretina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

柏拉图的对话录《亚西比德斯1》介绍了哲学商业的本质——知识,只要它是人类可以接触到的。睿智的苏格拉底和年轻虚荣的亚西比德进行了对话,亚西比德想要在政治中扮演第一个角色,决定“用他的名字和权力填满整个人类”,即发动一场战争。苏格拉底被这样的欲望压垮了,促使亚西比德思考所谓的“最后的问题”:战争与和平。展开论证,他讨论了正义/不正义,权利/无法无天,善/恶的概念,这些概念被证明是模棱两可的,以及自由的概念:一方面(苏格拉底)它被理解为美德的特征,另一方面(亚西比德)-自我意志和意志论。亚西比德保持“自我”的需要,预设了战争的暴虐可能性,这是他行使“自由”的一种方式。战争原来是对世界的一种歪曲,是人们带来的一种“精神的冒险”和“最大的悲痛”,释放了世界不知道如何使用的力量
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On the concept of war in Plato's dialogue "Alcibiades I"
Plato's dialogue "Alcibiades I" introduces the very essence of philosophical business — knowledge, as far as it is accessible to man. The dialogue conducted by the wise Socrates and the young vain Alcibiades, who, wanting to play the first role in politics, decided to "fill the whole, one might say, humanity with his name and power," i. e. to unleash a war. Socrates, crushed by such a desire, prompted Alcibiades to consider what are called the "last questions": war and peace. Unfolding the argument, he discusses the concepts of justice/injustice, right/lawlessness, good/evil, which turn out to be ambiguous, as well as the idea of freedom: on the one hand (Socrates) it is understood as a characteristic of virtue, and on the other (Alcibiades) — self-will and voluntarism. The need for Alcibiades to remain "himself" presupposed the tyrannically accessible possibility of war, which was a way of exercising his "freedom". The war turned out to be a perversion of the world, an "adventure of the spirit" and "the greatest grief" that people bring released forces that the world does not know how to use
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