反射

R. Wears, K. Sutcliffe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

回顾患者安全随着时间的演变,我们看到了从伤害到“错误”的话语转变。“错误”框架被用来提升科学官僚管理医学的权威,并削弱临床专业知识的传统权威。心理学家西德尼·德克尔(Sidney Dekker)指出,在患者安全论述中出现了四种不同的声音:认识论(发生了什么?)、预防性(如何预防?)、边界维持(是否存在违规或不允许的活动?)和存在主义(造成这种痛苦的原因是什么?)。一种声音的讨论往往会让另一种声音不满意,但“错误”框架解决了所有四个问题:错误发生了,错误可以预防,违规者应该受到惩罚,道德错误导致痛苦。总而言之,患者安全性的提高源于五个因素:风险容忍度的普遍降低、医疗保健的工业化、将伤害重新定义为“错误”、安全科学的简短输入保留了改进的潜力,以及医学界努力保持对医疗保健的内部控制。具有讽刺意味的是,这些因素也倾向于使患者安全活动无效,因为它们脱离了安全科学的见解、技能和理论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Reflection
Reviewing the evolution of patient safety over time, we see a discursive shift from harm to “error.” The “error” framing is used to advance the authority of scientific-bureaucratic managerial medicine and to diminish the traditional authority of clinical expertise. Psychologist Sidney Dekker noted that four different voices appear in patient safety discourses: epistemological (what happened?), preventative (how can it be prevented?), boundary-maintaining (were there violations or impermissible activities?), and existential (what is the reason for this suffering?). Discussions in one voice tend to be dissatisfying for the others, but the “error” framing addresses all four: an error occurred, errors can be prevented, violators should be punished, moral wrong leads to suffering. In summary, patient safety’s rise resulted from five factors: a general decrease in risk tolerance, the industrialization of healthcare, reframing harm as “error,” brief input from safety sciences holding out potential for improvement, and medicine’s effort to retain control of healthcare internally. Ironically, these factors also tended to make patient safety activity ineffective since they bounded out insights, skills, and theories from the safety sciences.
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