Assessing the Amount of Blood Losses and the Blood Needed in different types of Orthognathic Surgery (Corrective Jaw Surgery)

Orthognathic Surgery (Corrective Jaw Surgery) involves moving the bones of the upper or lower jaw or both. The jaws are lengthened or shortened, moved up or down, in or out, resulting in a more harmonious bite and facial appearance. Orthognathic surgery is needed when jaws and teeth do not meet correctly [1]. Orthognathic surgery for the treatment of facial skeletal deformities that result in significant malocclusion is considered medically necessary if the medical appropriateness criteria are met [2]. Maxillofacial orthognathic surgery is widely practiced globally, and it is well established because of its capacity to correct many dentofacial deformities [3]. although surgical precision is important, clinicians should also pay attention to other parameters such as the operating time and intra-operative blood loss. Interested in the expected operating time and anticipated need for homologous transfusion [4,5]. A more accurate prediction of operating time and blood loss could help the surgeon and anesthesiologists improve perioperative management. Guidelines should be drawn up for the cross matching of blood units to prepare for elective orthogenetic procedures [6,7]. Patients would then be better informed about the likelihood of a transfusion occurring before they undergo the surgery [8-10]. In medicine and maxillofacial and dental surgeries, “extensive blood loss” refers to the loss of 25% or more of the body’s total blood volume. Among the causes of extensive bleeding are trauma and surgery, among which blood loss during surgery accounts for a larger share [10,11]. Extensive blood loss can endanger a person’s life, so that if this lost volume is not compensated, insufficient blood flow will eventually lead to irreversible functional impairment of the body’s organs. Therefore, if the patient experiences extensive blood loss during orthognathic surgery, it should be replaced in proportion to the volume of blood lost by injecting blood products; otherwise, it can be problematic for the patient. On the other hand, the amount of blood loss during orthognathic surgery is very different, so that in the study of Rummasak et al. This amount was calculated from 200 ml to 3550 ml. Also, in the study of Rammer et al. [12]. this amount was obtained from zero to 4600 ml. Despite extensive research in the field, studies have so far investigated single factors of importance for intraoperative blood loss. Increasing knowledge of the various interplays between these factors may provide a broader understanding of intraoperative blood loss (Figure 1), [6,13,14]. Abstract