Cognitive Screening Tests as an Early Method of Detecting Cognitive Dysfunctions

Abstract Cognitive impairment is an increasingly common problem in aging societies. With age, cognitive functions are naturally weakened. However, this process may lead to more serious deficits such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Identification of patients at high risk, early diagnosis of cognitive impairment and monitoring of the patient’s condition, as well as taking appropriate action is very important. Cognitive impairment is detected using neuropsychological screening tests that enable the detection of cognitive impairment in the early stages. The most commonly used tools for the initial assessment of cognitive functioning are: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE III). Early detection of MCI gives the opportunity to quickly implement appropriate interventions, which can slow down or limit the development of cognitive impairment. Early diagnosis allows to find the cause and reduce the adverse effects of modifiable factors that contribute to the development of dementia. Among these factors, there are: reduced levels of folic acid, diabetes and depression. Early diagnosis also gives the opportunity to plan the patient’s care appropriately, including the patient’s conscious participation in making such decisions. Cognitive screening tests are also used to monitor the progress of the disease, which allows you to respond appropriately and modify the treatment plan adequately to the patient’s condition and cognitive deficits.