Concorrência财政偏见:世界税收组织的新提议(有害的税收竞争:世界税收组织的新提议)

Alexandre Moura
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:经济全球化使我们陷入了国家之间激烈竞争的局面,财政因素是其中的决定性因素。真的财政竞争不是malefica自己,但是,从constatacao国家lancam毛的零或低税收的承诺比竞争对手更有吸引力,看看你说的,实际上,就是有害的。负面影响是许多的,并不是偶然的,在世界范围内见证了一场与之斗争的强大运动。在这些努力中,我们可以提到旨在中和侵略性计划的国家措施,以及在国际一级采取的双边和多边措施,包括经合发组织的倡议和防止双重征税和确保信息交换的协定。然而,我们相信,目前的措施还不够。你所做的一切似乎都不会带来任何有意义的结果。有害竞争仍然频繁且仍然是财政状况危机的核心因素。由于对这一发现感到焦虑,我们开始寻找对抗有害竞争的替代模式,我们遇到了维托·坦齐(Vito Tanzi)、戴尔·平托(Dale Pinto)和阿德里安·索耶(Adrian Sawyer)的想法,他们主张通过世界税务组织(World Tax Organization)采取全球方法。被这一建议所吸引,我们批判性地分析了前人的研究,并得出了第三个建议,尽管与这些建议略有不同,但在结构上有所不同。摘要:经济全球化导致各国在生产性投资方面存在激烈竞争,其中财政因素可能是一个决定性因素。虽然税收竞争本身没有害处,但当各国承诺实行零或极低的税收以吸引投资时,这种做法可被认为是有害的。负面影响是很多的,一场强大的全球运动正在发展以对抗这种减税,这并非偶然。这些努力包括消除侵略性税收规划的国家措施和为相同目的而采取的双边和多边措施,其中的标准是经合发组织关于防止双重征税和国家间共享税收信息的倡议和协定。但是,现有的措施在这方面是不够的。有害竞争仍然普遍存在,并且仍然是许多国家面临的收入危机的主要因素。在此基础上,我们探讨了一些打击有害税收竞争的替代模式,如维托·坦齐(Vito Tanzi)的观点,戴尔·平托(Dale Pinto)和阿德里安·索耶(Adrian Sawyer)的观点,赞成通过创建一个世界税收组织(World tax Organization)采取全球性办法。我们critically分析的研究,underpin这些提案建议,达到第三,尽管从那些在结构点,differs diverging小。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Concorrência Fiscal Prejudicial: Uma Nova Proposta De World Tax Organization (Harmful Tax Competition: A New Proposal for a World Tax Organization)
Portuguese Abstract: A globalizacao da economia nos conduziu a um cenario de aguda concorrencia entre os Estados e o elemento fiscal e fator decisivo nesse certame. E verdade que a concorrencia fiscal nao e malefica em si propria, mas, a partir da constatacao de que os paises lancam mao de promessas de nula ou baixa tributacao para se mostrar mais atraente do que os concorrentes, e possivel afirmar que a mesma e, na pratica, essencialmente prejudicial. Os efeitos negativos sao muitos e, nao por acaso, testemunha-se, a nivel mundial, um forte movimento em seu combate. Podemos citar, dentre esses esforcos, as medidas nacionais que visam neutralizar planejamentos agressivos e as medidas bilaterais e multilaterais adotadas em nivel internacional, dentre os quais se destacam as iniciativas da OCDE e os acordos para Evitar a Dupla Tributacao e assegurar a Troca de Informacoes. Contudo, estamos convencidos de que as medidas hoje existentes nao estao se mostrando bastantes. Nada do que se faz parece trazer resultados expressivos. A concorrencia prejudicial e ainda frequente e continua sendo um fator central na crise do Estado Fiscal. Angustiados com essa constatacao, propusemo-nos a buscar modelos alternativos de combate a concorrencia prejudicial e deparamo-nos com as ideias de Vito Tanzi e de Dale Pinto e Adrian Sawyer, que defendem um global approach, atraves de uma World Tax Organization. Atraidos pela proposta, analisamos criticamente os estudos dos que nos antecederam e chegamos a uma terceira proposta, que, apesar de pouco divergir daquelas, diverge em um ponto estrutural.English Abstract: Economic globalization has led to a situation of strong competition among countries for productive investments in which the fiscal element can be a decisive factor. While tax competition is not harmful per se, when countries resort to promises of zero or very low taxes to attract investments, the practice can be considered essentially prejudicial. The negative effects are many, and it is no accident that a strong global movement is developing to fight such tax breaks. Among these efforts are national measures to neutralized aggressive tax planning and bilateral and multilateral measures for the same purpose, among which the standouts are the initiatives of the OECD and agreements to prevent double taxation and for sharing of fiscal information between countries. However, the existing measures in this respect are not sufficient. Harmful competition is still widespread and continues being a central factor in the revenue crisis faced by many countries. Based on this situation, we examine some alternative models to fight harmful tax competition, such as the ideas of Vito Tanzi on the one hand and of Dale Pinto and Adrian Sawyer on the other, in favor of a global approach, through the creation of a World Tax Organization. We critically analyze the studies that underpin these proposals and reach a third proposal, which although diverging little from those, differs in a structural point.
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