Influence of hydrothermal fluctuations and tillage methods on soil phosphate mobility

The article is a continuation of a series of publications on the results of the study of the behavior of nutrients in the system "soil-plant" in global climate change, taking into account the possibility of minimizing tillage. In stationary field experiments on chernozem ordinary in the Donetsk region for nine years (1997-2005) monitored the content of phosphates in the soil within the arable layer. The soil under the main crops of grain-row crop rotation studied on variants with different methods of tillage under the same system of mineral fertilizer. At the same time recorded the dynamics of precipitation and air temperature. The stable effect of meteorological factors on the level of phosphorus nutrition of plants revealed. It shown that the phosphate content depends on the weather conditions not only in the current but also in the previous two years, as well as on the method of primary tillage. The peculiarities of the phosphorus regime of the soil on the variants with traditional deep moldboard plowing, subsoil non-turning tillage and zero tillage are determined. It shown that in the soil-climatic conditions of the Donetsk region the soil under traditional deep plowing in the crop rotation of grain-row crops is the most stable to the influence of weather factors on the mobility of phosphorus. Failure to rotate the soil, especially in the no-till system, increases the risk of negative changes of phosphate content in the soil under prolonged exposure to high temperatures during the growing season. When cultivating without rotating the soil, conditions created, under which the content of phosphates in the soil significantly depends on the weather characteristics of the autumn period of the previous two years. All conclusions confirmed by the results of correlation analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA).