北马其顿共和国的欧洲一体化:成就、问题和前景

Olena Skrypnyk
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摘要

本文旨在探讨北马其顿共和国加入欧洲联盟的过程。文章特别介绍了北马其顿在融入欧洲的道路上出现的问题。即希腊的封锁,自 1991 年宣布从南斯拉夫独立以来,希腊一直反对马其顿共和国的名称,认为马其顿这个名称与希腊的同名地区相同。因此,2018 年该国更名为北马其顿共和国。保加利亚阻止北马其顿加入欧盟谈判的开启也得到了评估。本文介绍了保加利亚采取这一立场的原因以及欧盟国家对这一情况的反应。重点介绍了直接影响北马其顿共和国与欧盟合作的国内和外交政策事件。研究得出结论,尽管北马其顿在融入欧洲的道路上已经和正在出现一些问题,但该国在这一进程中还是取得了一些成就。北马其顿是该地区第一个与欧盟签署《稳定与结盟协定》的国家,2005 年获得了加入欧盟的候选国地位。2009 年,她获得了与欧盟的免签证制度。然而,尽管在雄心勃勃的改革和与希腊达成历史性协议方面取得了巨大成就,但加入欧盟的谈判尚未开始。毕竟,欧盟的决策过程是通过协商一致进行的。所有国家无一例外都必须同意开启与北马其顿的谈判进程。鉴于北马其顿在欧洲一体化政策方面的决心和勇气,双边层面现有的所有问题都可以得到解决,因为北马其顿已经做出了一些让步,以便启动加入欧盟前的进程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN MACEDONIA: ACHIEVEMENTS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
The purpose of the article is to explore the process of joining Republic of Northern Macedonia to the European Union. In particular, the problems that arose on the path of European integration of Northern Macedonia are described. Namely, the blockade by Greece, which since the declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 opposed the name of the Republic of Macedonia, arguing that the name Macedonia has the Greek region of the same name. As a result, in 2018 the country was renamed the Republic of Northern Macedonia. Bulgaria’s blocking of the opening of negotiations on Northern Macedonia’s accession to the EU was also assessed. The reasons for Bulgaria’s position and the reaction of the European Union countries to this situation are described. Domestic and foreign policy events in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, which directly affected the country’s cooperation with the European Union, are highlighted. The study concluded that despite a number of problems that have arisen and are emerging on the European integration path of Northern Macedonia, the country has a number of achievements in this process. Northern Macedonia was the first country in the region to sign a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU, in 2005 it received the status of a candidate country for accession to the EU. In 2009 she received a visa-free regime with the EU. However, despite the great achievements in terms of ambitious reforms and reaching a historic agreement with Greece, accession talks have not yet begun. After all, the decision-making process in the European Union takes place through consensus. All countries, without exception, must agree to open a negotiation process with Northern Macedonia. Given the country’s determination and courage in its European integration policy, all the existing problems at the bilateral level can be resolved, as Northern Macedonia has made a number of concessions in order to start the pre-accession process with the EU.
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