极至主义和“应该是最合理的”观点

Douglas W. Portmore
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引用次数: 0

摘要

极端主义迫使我们要么否认我们应该做最有理由去做的事情,要么否认有多少理由去执行一个给定的选择与这个选择的好坏成正比。在本章中,我认为我们应该否认后者。相反,我们应该认为,执行给定选项的理由与该选项的最佳版本有多好成正比。因此,我有多少理由去亲吻我的伴侣,并不是我这样做所产生的坏结果的函数(假设如果我要吻她,我实际上会不带激情地吻她),而是我带激情地吻她所产生的好结果的函数。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Maximalism and the Ought-Most-Reason View
Maximalism forces us to deny either that we ought to do whatever we have most reason to do or that how much reason there is to perform a given option is directly proportional to how good that option is. In this chapter, I argue that we should deny the latter. We should instead hold that how much reason there is to perform a given option is directly proportional to how good the best version of that option is. Thus, how much reason I have to kiss my partner is not a function of, say, the bad consequences that would result from my doing so (for assume that I would in fact kiss her nonpassionately if I were to kiss her), but a function of the good consequences that would result from my kissing her passionately.
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