Analyzing the existing noninvasive hemoglobin measurement techniques

To meet the potential research challenges, such as cost, accuracy, and portability, a number of research has been conducted around the world in the domain of noninvasive measurement techniques. In this paper, we explored, analyzed, and critiqued concurrent research approaches that endeavored to meet the research challenges in noninvasive hemoglobin (Hb) measurement. Here, besides the conventional invasive Hb measurement methods, we covered the Hb measurement techniques based on various scientific contribution and advancement. We studied smartphone-image, IR-LED, and spectra-based solutions as well as noninvasive point-of-care (POC) devices. From that insight, in this paper, we delineated the novel smartphone-based approaches to measure hemoglobin level noninvasively that can leverage the computation, portability, and affordability of smartphone devices, and assure the desired accuracy and consistency. Apart from that, this paper describes how these novel proposals can overcome the limitations of the data collection and analysis in the state-of-the-art approaches in this domain.