Microgrids Models for the Aggregation of End-Users in Energy Communities

We know that the energy transition refers to the current electrification of consumption and the parallel decarbonization of the electricity that powers it. The transition model is called also of the 3D: decarbonization, digitalization and decentralization. An important role is played from the digitalization and smartization of the grids that permit the flexibility of the demand. In the future it will be increasingly possible to produce energy closer to where it is consumed, extending the transformation of passive consumers into active consumers, either directly or through aggregations. An important share of energy consumption is due to residential, tertiary and commercial buildings. The so-called end-users. Recent European Directives highlighted clearly the role of the end-users as active players of the system. The goal of this paper is to highlight the advantages of distributed generation combined with the possibility of aggregation of users, transforming the electrical infrastructure into an aggregate of mini and micro networks in an energy communities scenario. In this scenario, the electricity transmission and distribution networks are destined to profoundly change their role, which will be that of guaranteeing a reliable connection capable of allowing exchanges between the various generations of electricity and overcoming the criticality deriving from the aleatory nature of some renewable sources. Pending the complete transformation of the system, the paper proposes a classification of smart microgrids models for the aggregation of the end-users in energy communities. The paper proposes an hybrid model of microgrids, based on a DC common power sharing generation, particularly suitable for multi-unit residential buildings that are the majority of residential infrastructures in our urban centers.