关于乌克兰战争:民主的代价

Marc Crépon
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摘要

文章分析了乌克兰抵抗俄罗斯入侵和侵略的政治动机。首先,它强调俄罗斯宣传对历史的篡改,将历史用作政治工具,摧毁近代帝国历史的创伤记忆,美化现代俄罗斯“光荣的百年”帝国历史。这决定了俄罗斯人和帝国其他前民族的历史记忆结构的差异,而最近对悲惨的帝国历史的记忆是乌克兰和摩尔多瓦人民选择其政治命运的主要因素。这篇文章还表明,这种选择,以及对真理、自由和权利的渴望,决定了这些民族缓慢但坚定地走向民主。同时,这些选择和愿望是乌克兰人民抵抗俄罗斯武装侵略能力的决定性因素。相反,俄罗斯试图用帝国前民族之间的所谓“文明”联系来为其侵略辩护,实际上是其渴望政治统治的幌子。文章还概述了乌克兰抵抗对欧洲民主国家的重要性,呼吁他们无条件支持。乌克兰战争对他们来说是一个挑战,因为无论世界各地的民主国家今天面临什么问题,只有向所有反对破坏构成民主的最起码的权利和自由的人提供支持,他们才能继续扮演自己历史的角色。以康德的著作《永久和平》为例,本文还表明,为停止战争而停止战争,这是今天经常呼吁的,不会有助于建立和平。它将为战争的重新开始留下理由,如果侵略者不改变其政治本质,他将永远能够再次使用它。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
About the war in Ukraine: the price of democracy
The article analyzes the political motives of Ukrainian resistance to Russian invasion and aggression. First of all, it emphasizes the falsification of history by Russian propaganda, its use of history as a political instrument, the destruction of the traumatic memory of the recent imperial past and the glorification of the “glorious centuries-old” imperial history in modern Russia. This determines the difference in the structure of the historical memory of Russians and other former peoples of the empire, and the recent memory of the tragic imperial past is the leading factor in the choice of the Ukrainian and Moldovan peoples for their political destiny. The article also shows that this choice, as well as the desire for truth, freedom and rights, determines these peoples’ slow but sure progress toward democracy. These choices and aspirations are at the same time a determining factor in the ability of the Ukrainian people to resist Russian armed aggression. Instead, the so-called “civilizational” links between the former peoples of the empire, with which Russia tries to justify its aggression, are actually a cover for its desire for political dominance. The article also outlines the importance of Ukrainian resistance for European democracies, calling for their unconditional support. The war in Ukraine is a challenge for them, because no matter what problems democracies around the world are facing today, they will remain actors of their own history only if they provide support to all those who resist the destruction of the minimum of rights and freedoms that define democracy. Using Kant’s work «Perpetual Peace» as an example, the article also shows that the cessation of war for the sake of cessation of war, which is often called for today, will not contribute to the establishment of peace. It will leave grounds for the renewal of war, which the aggressor, if he will not change its political essence, will always be able to use it again.
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