An experimental evaluation of the Lithotriptic Activity of Ayurvedic drug Kāśīśa Bhasma

Kāśīśa (Ferrous Sulphate, Fe2SO4.7H20), is among the most commonly used mineral drug in Ayurveda, and has been specifically indicated in Mutrashmari. Urolithiasis, (Mutrashmari in Ayurveda) is the third most common urinary system disorder globally with high recurrence rate. The present study is to determine the underlying mechanism of Kāśīśa Bhasma as lithotriptic drug in animal model. Ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) induced urolithiasis model was used to study the lithotriptic activity of Kāśīśa Bhasma in Wistar albino rats. 30 rats were divided into five groups and were allocated interventions accordingly. Two trial drug groups were given single and double doses of Kāśīśa Bhasma (150mg/kg and 300mg/kg respectively), and were compared against the standard control group (Tab. Cystone 750mg/kg), administered for 14 days. Relevant biochemical assay and histopathological analysis was done and analysed. In vivo study revealed, Kāśīśa Bhasma administered at 300mg/kg b.w. was associated with better lithotriptic activity. The results showed significant reduction in calcium oxalate deposits in the kidneys, restoring the elevated values of serum Creatinine, BUN, uric acid and urine parameters like calcium, phosphate and oxalate while also maintaining optimal urine pH when compared to negative control. The lithotriptic activity of Kāśīśa Bhasma was found to be corresponding to that of standard drug Tab Cystone.