The Gap in the Legal Texts and the Supplementation by Interpretation - Focusing on the provisions and interpretations of property rights under Article 23 of the Constitution -

The Constitution stipulates “The property rights of all citizens are guaranteed. The content and limitations are determined by law.” in Article 23 Paragraph 1, and paragraph 2 stipulates the constitutional limitations of property rights by stipulating that “the exercise of property rights should be suitable for public welfare.” And paragraph 3 stipulates that “the expropriation, use, or restriction of property rights due to public necessity and compensation thereof shall be made by law, but legitimate compensation shall be paid.” The separation theory excludes unconstitutional infringement of property rights and guarantees the existence of specific property rights of the subject of fundamental rights. In the case of excessive restrictions beyond social restrictions, according to the separation theory, it is not understood as the expropriation of Article 23 (3) of the Constitution, and various measures (relaxation measures) to alleviate the excessive burden will be considered first. The basic structure of property rights can be divided into 'content regulations without compensation obligations', 'content regulations with (coordinated) compensation obligations', and 'expropriation regulations (with compensation obligations)'. The content regulation of property rights essentially means the protection of property rights in that it forms a property rights legal order, and the expropriation regulation means the restriction of property rights that make it impossible or remarkably difficult to act in the protected area. Therefore, both are independent legal systems.