Price and Capacity Competition for EV parking with Government Mandates

Increasing focus is being put on expanding the amount of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs). One tool governments have to induce construction of this infrastructure is through mandates on the number of spots private owners of parking have to convert to include chargers. However, such mandates can impact how parking is priced, the revenue of these firms, parking availability for non-EV cars, and the congestion drivers face while finding parking due to how these private owners may react to it. This paper studies the trade-offs involved in setting a mandate for charging by developing a multi-stage game for the provisioning of parking spots and the subsequent price competition for drivers. Furthermore, we look at different pricing models firms may choose for EV and non-EV drivers and study how this affects the impact of a government mandate.