Mary Ann George, I. V. L. Durga Bhavani, D. Kamath
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EX-CCII based FOPID controller for electric vehicle speed control
The paper presents a fractional analog scheme using an Extra-X second-generation current conveyor (EX-CCII) to realize a fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller. The FOPID controller is designed for an electric vehicle speed control application, considering a second-order model of the electric vehicle. The controller parameters are designed using the Astrom-Hagglund (AH) tuning technique. The order of integrator and differentiator stages are obtained by using the Neider-Mead (NM) optimization technique. The circuit is realized using a single active element and RC network. The controller performance parameters are evaluated using the LTspice simulator for TSMC 0.35 μm CMOS process.