论否定与主体性:克尔凯郭尔

María Juliana Silva Arango
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摘要

克尔凯郭尔的反讽是一种操作,通过不向那些声称知道某事的人传递积极的哲学教义或理论来促进智慧,通过这种操作,可以批评普遍接受的习俗和历史实践。这是他的“苏格拉底式任务”。与苏格拉底类似,克尔凯郭尔把他的智力努力集中在理解做人意味着什么以及如何追求有价值的生活上。在他看来,真正存在的个体,服从人类自然的求知欲,会接受不确定性的消极性,并为自己的个人观点负责。他对上帝的基督教理解,与主观性有关,正是他想用反讽来捍卫的。当面对他那个时代的哥本哈根的神职人员时,克尔凯郭尔在他将苏格拉底的方法应用于他的现代环境的方式中,了解了对苏格拉底方法的承诺的政治后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
On negativity and subjectivity: Kierkegaard
Kierkegaard’s Irony was an operation by which commonly accepted customs and historical practices could be criticized, by promoting wisdom through delivering  no positive philosophical doctrine or theory to others who claimed to know something. This was his ‘Socratic task.’ Similar to Socrates, Kierkegaard focused his intellectual efforts on understanding what it meant to be a human and how to pursue a life worth of living. To his view, truly existing individuals, who obeyed the natural human desire to know, would embrace the negativity of uncertainty and take responsibility for their personal views. His Christian understanding of God, as related to subjectivity, was what he meant to defend by applying Irony. When confronting the Clergy of the Copenhagen of his time, Kierkegaard learnt the political consequences to the commitment to Socrates’ method in the way he  applied it to his modern setting.
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