速度模型的建立——地震偏移过程的关键问题

M. Grigorova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

叠前Kirchhoff时间偏移(PSTM)可能是获得复杂地下图像最常用的方法。在横向和垂直速度变化迅速的地区,能量的分散方式使得提供所需的数据分辨率非常复杂。如果提供精确的速度模型进行迁移,PSTM将散射能量集中到合适的地下位置。只有当能量适当集中时,叠加才能提高信号质量并消除噪声。建立这样的速度模型,可以显著提高地震数据的质量(无论是分辨率还是连续性),也可以更好地进行空间构造定位。由于这些原因,速度估计过程对地震成像有很大的影响。将地震事件移动到地下实际发生位置的过程在很大程度上依赖于速度模型,但也受到整个处理质量的很大影响。地震处理是将地震现场资料转化为有意义的地震剖面的一个漫长而全面的过程,涉及到许多数据处理步骤。结果得到了与真实地质构造更吻合的高质量地下时间图像。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Velocity model building — key issue for seismic migration process
Summary Prestack Kirchhoff Time Migration (PSTM) is probably the most used method for obtaining proper image of complex subsurface. In areas of rapid lateral and vertical velocity changes, energy is dispersed in such a way that it is very complicated to be provide desired resolution of the data. The PSTM focuses scattered energy by moving it to a proper subsurface position if accurate velocity model is provided for migration. Only when energy is properly focused, stacking improves the quality of signals and eliminates noise. Building such velocity model, can bring significant improvement of seismic data quality (both resolution and continuity) and proper spatial structural positioning. For these reasons, velocity estimation process has great influence in seismic imaging. The process of moving seismic events to their actual location of occurrence in the subsurface is strongly dependant on the velocity model, but also is greatly affected of the whole processing quality. Seismic processing is long and comprehensive process of converting seismic field data into a meaningful seismic section and involves a lot of steps of data manipulations. The result is a high quality time image of the subsurface which better matches to the real geologic structures.
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