农业处理对红花作物非除草剂和除草剂背景的影响

O. I. Polyakov, O. Aliieva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

杂草是红花作物的一个大问题。为了控制杂草,有必要在乌克兰南部草原干旱条件下建立有效的除草剂使用系统和机械除草方法。在杂草丛生的田地里,谷物的蛋白质含量降低,油菜籽的蛋白质含量降低。除草降低了农业机械和农具的生产率,增加了生产成本。杂草降低了肥料、灌溉和其他旨在提高作物产量的措施的有效性。本文介绍了2017-2019年红花作物护理农业实践对红花作物杂草影响的主要研究成果。本研究在中国科学院油籽研究所进行。主要耕作制度:古典。作物养护系统的变种:1 -不养护(对照);2 -发芽前后播种;3 - 2行距;4、耙耙和行间栽培。施用土壤除草剂后,红花品种日丘克(Zhyvchyk)收获前杂草总数减少9,3 ~ 16,0片/m2,多布里亚(Dobrynya)收获前杂草总数减少8,3 ~ 17,7片/m2。两行间处理的品种收获前杂草数量最少,在无除草剂背景下为16,0片/m2,在除草剂背景下为6,7片/m2;在多布里尼亚品种的作物中,分别为14、3和6个/平方米。采前杂草空气干质量最低的品种为:日绿(Zhyvchyk) 81.5 g/m2和39.6 g/m2,行间两种处理的品种为83.4 g/m2和36.9 g/m2。在无除草剂背景下,zhyvchyland为1.35 t/公顷,Dobrynya为1.40 t/公顷,除草剂背景为1.54 t/公顷,Dobrynya为1.64 t/公顷,采用出苗后栽培+行间栽培的红花品种产量最高。关键词:红花,品种,农业生产,除草剂,杂草,产量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Weeding of safflower crops under the influence of agricultural treatments on non-herbicide and herbicide background
Weeds are a big problem with safflower crops. To control weeds, it is necessary to develop an effective system of herbicide use and mechanical methods of weed control for arid conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine. In weed–infested fields, the protein content of cereals decreases and that of oilseeds in oil fields. Weed reduction reduces the productivity of agricultural machinery and implements, increases production costs. Weeds reduce the effectiveness of fertilizers, irrigation and other measures aimed at increasing crop yields. The article presents the main results of research for 2017–2019 to study the impact of agricultural practices for the care of safflower crops on herbicide and herbicide–free backgrounds on the weediness of safflower crops. The research was conducted in the fields of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAAS. The system of the main tillage: classical. Variants of the crop care system: 1 – without care (control); 2 – harrowing before and after germination; 3 – 2 row spacing; 4 – harrowing and inter–row cultivation. Application of soil herbicide led to a decrease in the total number of weeds before harvesting in crops of safflower variety Zhyvchyk by 9,3–16,0 and in crops of variety Dobrynya by 8,3–17,7 pieces/m2. The number of weeds before harvesting was the lowest in the variants with two inter–row treatments and was equal to: 16,0 pieces/m2 – on a background with out herbicide and 6,7 pieces/m2–on a herbicide background in crops of Zhyvchyk variety; 14,3 and 6,0 pieces/m2, respectively, in crops of Dobrynya variety. The lowest values of air–dry mass of weeds before harvesting: 81,5 and 39,6 g/m2 in crops of Zhyvchyk variety and 84,3 and 36,9 g/m2 were obtained in the variant with two inter–row treatments. The highest yields were provided by growing safflower varieties using post–emergence harrowing + inter–row cultivation: on a herbicide–free background – 1,35 t/ha in the variety Zhyvchykand 1,40 t/ha in the variety Dobrynya, on a herbicide background 1,54 and 1,64 t/ha, respectively. Key words: safflower, variety, agricultural production, herbicide, weed, yield.
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