The Role of Myelogram in Diagnosis of Malignant Hemopathies

The myelogram is an essential investigation for the diagnosis and management of malignant hemopathies. The final interpretation requires the integration of peripheral blood count and smear, with the results of supplementary tests such as immunophenotyping, cytogenetic analysis and molecular genetic studies as appropriate, in the context of clinical and other diagnostic findings. This retrospective study conducted at the Hematology Laboratory of the Military hospital Avicenna in Marrakech over a period of two years, from January 2018 to December 2019, aimed to evaluate the practice and the contribution of the myelogram in diagnosis in patients in the Hematology Laboratory and to report the epidemiological profile of malignant hemopathies diagnosed in our Laboratory. In our study, out of 420 myelograms received in the Hematology Laboratory of the military hospital in Marrakech, 70 cases (17%) of malignant hemopathies were collected. The predominant age range was 61 to 70 years old. The male gender was predominant (64%) with a sex-ratio at 1,8. The clinical indications of myelogram were dominated by anemic syndrome, tumoral syndrome. Biologically, the Peripheral Blood count and smear abnormalities were the most frequent. Acute leukemias were accounted for 35% of all malignant pathologies diagnosed in our laboratory of which 79% myeloid, 21% lymphoid. Multiple myelomas were found in 33%, myelodysplastic syndromes in 17% and Chronic myeloid leukemia in 9%. The role of the myelogram in diagnostic of malignant hemopathies is based on its good interpretation which is directly linked to the rigor of its realization.