西巴尔干地区政治信任、选举过程及其对经济的影响,2019

Eduart Gjokutaj
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大多数民主政府认为参加全国选举是公民的权利,也是公民的公民责任。历史遗产在国家建设和民主化的过程中发挥着关键作用。WB6国家从未有过这样一个历史性的机会,来继承一个由选民选出、符合选民普遍利益的强大、治理良好的民主政府的集体记忆。在选举进程和政党关系的区域背景下,区域民间社会组织在WB6国家的合作仍然令人担忧,这可能需要未来的战略行动,这可能会减轻选民临界数量的限制。另一方面,多边社会中的民主治理需要共同生活的意愿,并通过协商一致的决定向其公民伸出援手。选举民主进程的概念源于这样一种认识,即选举是现代民主的必要条件,但不是充分条件,因为仅靠选举是不够的。WB6国家对政府的信任正在下降。人们的看法和现实是一致的,当选的人越来越少地为他们选出的选民的利益行事。人们不太信任与他们相关的政治家和分析师提供的专业知识。年复一年,选民的信任被一种看法所侵蚀,即政治家并不总是为了公众利益而使用公共资金。公众对政客及其动机的冷嘲热讽是由高层官员滥用权利、任命前同事或与他们有关系的人担任由纳税人资助的高薪职位的故事所助长的。我们将试图在这个分析中表达我们自己对选举舞弊的兴趣,但是有几个因素使得很难对选举舞弊是什么有一个共同的理解,更不用说如何检测和预防了。大量公民对政治和公共事务的了解,加上他们通过投票和其他公民发声方式的参与,是对政治家和官僚的能力的重要潜在制约,使他们没有太多可能的途径来实现选举舞弊。国家经济形势对各政党在地区一级赢得的选票份额的影响较小,因为地区经济形势对选民决定的影响要大得多。例如,特别是国家人均收入和失业率的上升对国家一级的选举结果有很大的影响,如果加以澄清并将其转化为区域一级选民的获利能力。在这种政治和社会环境下,出现了新的政治反建制组织,就像现在的创业公司的商业模式一样。这种模式被认为是取代旧式政党的政治力量的新时代。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Trust in Politics, Electoral Processes and Influences on Economy in Western Balkans, 2019
The majority of democratic governments consider participating in national elections a right of citizenship, and also a citizen's civic responsibility. Historical legacies play a key role in the process of state-building and democratization. The WB6 countries have never had this historic chance to inherit a collective memory of a strong, well-governed democratic government, elected by voters and in the general interest of voters.

In this regional context on the electoral process and the relations between political parties, there remains a continuing concern of regional CSOs' cooperation in the WB6 countries, which may require a strategic future move, which could alleviate the limits of the critical mass of voters. On the other hand, democratic governance in multilateral societies requires a willingness to live together and reach out to its citizens through consensual decisions.

The idea of electoral democracies process derives from the understanding that elections are a necessary but not a sufficient condition for modern democracy, because elections alone are not enough.

The trust in governments in the WB6 countries is falling. The perception and the reality are in unison that elected people are acting less often in the interests of the voters they elected. People are less trusting of expertise delivered by politicians and analysts related to them. Year after year, trust of voters has been eroded by the perception that politicians don’t always use public funds in the public interest. Public cynicism about politicians and their motives is fed by stories of high officials abusing with entitlements and appointing their former colleagues or related parties with them into generously paid, taxpayer-funded positions.

We will try to express in this analyze our own interest in election fraud, but several factors make it difficult to define a common understanding of what election fraud is, much less how to detect and prevent it. Knowledge of politics and public affairs by large numbers of citizens, coupled with their participation through voting and other modes of citizen voice, are important potential checks on the ability of politicians and bureaucrats to not have so much possible ways to realize the electoral fraud.

The national economic situation has been shown to have had less impact on the share of votes won by each party at the regional level, as the regional economic situation has had much stronger influence on the voter decision. In particular, for example, rising national per capita income and unemployment rates have strong effects on election results at the national level if they would be clarified and translated into the context of profitability of voters at regional level.

In this political and social environment are presented the new political anti establishment organizations, like the nowadays business model of startups.

This model is seen that would be the new era of political forces instead of the old-fashioned politic parties.
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