一种新型高密度耐高温vs基压裂液的评价与优化

Yee Ling Then, K. Ling, S. Goh, Daniel Thomas Melice
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摘要

粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)被广泛认为是一种用于压裂和砾石充填的清洁流体。然而,其较低的热稳定性使其在高温应用中效率低下。当温度超过300°F时,VES粘度急剧下降。在高密度、高温的应用中,研究人员一直在探索一种新型电子束的潜力。这种VES也可以作为传统聚合物基压裂液的替代选择,因为聚合物残留会对地层造成一定程度的损害。该研究旨在评估一种新型VES系统的压裂液,该系统在高密度盐水中具有更高的高温(300°F至350°F)性能。工业通常使用不同密度的重盐水;采用一价溴化钠(NaBr)和氯化钠(NaCl)、二价氯化钙(CaCl_2)和溴化钙(CaBr2)盐水进行评价。本文研究了VES的流变特性和粘弹性行为。采用高压/高温流变仪(HP/HT)评价了液体的粘度稳定性、弹性模量(〖G〗’)和粘性模量(〖G〗’)在高温下的测量结果。使用合成岩心进行了表面张力、破胶剂和岩心驱替测试,以评估流体的返排能力和地层损害程度。通过高温沉砂试验测试了VES作为压裂液的含砂能力。测试结果表明,在高达325°F的温度下,这种新型VES在12.5 ppg (NaBr)的盐水体系中表现出良好的剪切采收率和粘度稳定性。该流体体系具有良好的储渗能力。随着温度的升高,11.5 ppg氯化钙盐基液体的粘度增加。在350°F温度下测试,其稳定性良好,可破碎且保持良好的透气性。两种盐基粘弹性流体均可与破乳剂相容,其体积浓度可达0.2%。综上所述,该新型VES体系可与NaBr和CaCl2盐水配制,适用于高密度压裂液。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation and Optimization of A Novel High-Density and High-Temperature Resistance VES-Based Fracturing Fluid
Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) is widely known to be a clean fluid for fracturing and gravel pack application. However, its low thermal stability had made the VES inefficient for high-temperature application. VES viscosity dramatically declines when temperature exceeds 300°F. Work has been done to explore the potential of a new VES to apply to high-density, high-temperature applications. Such VES could also serve as alternate option to conventional polymer-based fracturing fluid, which is known to create some level of formation damage due to polymer residue. This study aims to evaluate the fracturing fluid of a novel VES system that exhibits improved performance at high-temperature (300°F to 350°F) in high-density brines. Industries commonly use heavy brines of different densities; monovalent sodium bromide (NaBr) and sodium chloride (NaCl) and divalent calcium chloride (CaCl_2) and calcium bromide (CaBr2) brines were used for this evaluation. In this paper, we investigate the rheological properties and viscoelastic behavior of VES. A high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) rheometer was used to evaluate the fluid viscosity stability, elastic modulus (〖G〗') and viscous modulus (〖G〗′) measurements at elevated temperature. Surface tension, breaker, and coreflood tests were conducted to assess the fluid’s flowback ability and formation damage extent using synthetic core. The sand-bearing capability of the VES as a fracturing fluid was examined via a high-temperature sand settling test. Testing results demonstrated that this novel VES shows good shear recovery and viscosity stability with a 12.5-ppg (NaBr) brine system when tested at temperatures up to 325°F. The fluid system showed the ability to break with good retained permeability. The 11.5-ppg CaCl2 brine-based fluid developed its viscosity as the temperature increased. It showed good stability when tested at 350°F, and it can be broken with good retained permeability. Both brine-based viscoelastic fluids were found to be compatible with a demulsifier at a concentration up to 0.2% by volume. In conclusion, this novel VES system could be formulated with NaBr and CaCl2 brines for high-density fracturing fluid application.
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