一种新型主动人体回声定位装置

Saeed Akbarzadeh, Xiao Gu, Zhipeng Wu, Benny P. L. Lo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一些动物,如蝙蝠和海豚,可以通过回声定位自己,并在完全黑暗中导航。它们可以产生超声波信号,并根据从周围物体/结构反射回来的回声来定位自己。作为人类,我们缺乏这样的回声定位能力,我们主要依靠我们的视觉来引导和导航。然而,最近,一些视力受损的人已经训练并学会了回声定位自己的技能,这表明我们也可以用自己的听觉来回声定位自己。基于这一原理,我们提出了一种新型的可穿戴设备,可以帮助视力正常和视障人士获得回声定位技能。由于我们的听觉被调整为滤除回声,因此该装置设计了一个载波频率为40 kHz的超声波发射器,并与频率为2kHz的信号调制,产生用户可以听到的咔哒声,用于回声定位。因此,大脑在试图理解周围世界和隔离获得能力所必需的方面时,经历的混乱要少得多。为了评估使用者获得回声定位技能的能力,我们进行了一项健康受试者研究,其中我们进行了六次训练,并收集了受试者在蒙眼并使用所提出的设备进行回声定位时的脑电图(EEG)信号。从结果来看,我们已经证明了回声定位训练与视觉皮层区域的强化激活之间存在显著的相关性,这表明受试者能够使用回声信号来“可视化”周围的环境。它还显示了受试者在一个装有随机物体的房间里快速学习和定位自己的能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Novel Active Human Echolocation Device
Some animals, like bats and dolphins, can echolocate themselves and navigate through complete darkness. They can generate ultrasonic signals and locate themselves based on the echo bounced back from the surrounding objects/structures. As human, we lack such abilities to echolocate ourselves, and we mainly rely on our vision to guide and navigate. However, recently, some visually impaired people have trained and learned the skills to echo locate themselves demonstrating that we can too echo locate ourselves with our own hearing. Based on this principal, we propose a novel wearable device that can aid both sighted and visually impaired people in acquiring the echolocation skills. As our hearing is tuned to filter out echos, the proposed device is designed with an ultrasound transmitter with a carrier frequency of 40 kHz and modulated with a signal with 2kHz frequency to generate a click sound that could be heard by the user for echolocation. Hence, the brain experienced far less confusion while attempting to comprehend the surrounding world and isolate the aspects necessary to acquire the abilities. To assess the ability of user to acquiring the echolocation skills, a healthy subject study was conducted where six training sessions that we conducted, and EEG (electroencephalogram) signal of the subjects were collected while they were blindfolded and using the proposed device to echolocate. From the results, we have shown that there was a significant correlation between their echolocation training and the intensified activations of the visual cortex area demonstrating the subjects were able to use the echoed signal to ’visualize’ the surrounding environment. It also shows the subjects’ ability to learn and echolocate themselves quickly in a room fitted with a random objects.
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