LightTx:基于闪存的ssd中的轻量级事务设计,支持灵活的事务

Youyou Lu, J. Shu, Jiayang Guo, Shuai Li, O. Mutlu
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引用次数: 41

摘要

与磁盘相比,闪存以其独特的特性加速了存储系统的架构演变。闪存的无覆盖特性被用来有效地支持事务,这是系统中提供一致性的一种常用机制。然而,基于闪存的固态硬盘(ssd)中嵌入的现有事务设计对事务灵活性的支持有限,即支持事务之间的不同隔离级别,这对于使不同系统能够在性能和一致性之间进行权衡至关重要。由于它们只支持事务之间的严格隔离,现有的设计导致动态请求的数量减少,因此无法利用SSD丰富的内部并行性。要支持灵活的事务,需要克服两个设计挑战:(1)启用支持事务并行执行的事务提交协议;(2)有效地跟踪由于页面并行分配而使页面分散在不同位置的事务的状态。在本文中,我们提出LightTx来解决这两个挑战。LightTx使用轻量级嵌入式事务设计支持事务灵活性。LightTx的设计基于两个关键技术。首先,为了支持并行事务执行,LightTx使用了一个提交协议,该协议仅在每个事务中确定事务状态(与事务之间的依赖关系相反,这会使状态跟踪复杂化)。其次,LightTx定期退役死亡事务,以减少事务状态跟踪成本。实验表明,由于事务灵活性,LightTx提供了高达20.6%的性能改进。与现有的嵌入式事务设计相比,LightTx在垃圾收集和映射持久性方面也实现了几乎最低的开销。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
LightTx: A lightweight transactional design in flash-based SSDs to support flexible transactions
Flash memory has accelerated the architectural evolution of storage systems with its unique characteristics compared to magnetic disks. The no-overwrite property of flash memory has been leveraged to efficiently support transactions, a commonly used mechanism in systems to provide consistency. However, existing transaction designs embedded in flash-based Solid State Drives (SSDs) have limited support for transaction flexibility, i.e., support for different isolation levels between transactions, which is essential to enable different systems to make tradeoffs between performance and consistency. Since they provide support for only strict isolation between transactions, existing designs lead to a reduced number of on-the-fly requests and therefore cannot exploit the abundant internal parallelism of an SSD. There are two design challenges that need to be overcome to support flexible transactions: (1) enabling a transaction commit protocol that supports parallel execution of transactions; and (2) efficiently tracking the state of transactions that have pages scattered over different locations due to parallel allocation of pages. In this paper, we propose LightTx to address these two challenges. LightTx supports transaction flexibility using a lightweight embedded transaction design. The design of LightTx is based on two key techniques. First, LightTx uses a commit protocol that determines the transaction state solely inside each transaction (as opposed to having dependencies between transactions that complicate state tracking) in order to support parallel transaction execution. Second, LightTx periodically retires the dead transactions to reduce transaction state tracking cost. Experiments show that LightTx provides up to 20.6% performance improvement due to transaction flexibility. LightTx also achieves nearly the lowest overhead in garbage collection and mapping persistence compared to existing embedded transaction designs.
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