Sequentielle multimodale optometrische Behandlungsverfahren des pädiatrischen Nystagmus

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to present multimodal sequencing as a clinical therapeutic approach for the treat- ment of pediatric patients with nystagmus based on a per- sonal assessment by the author. While several papers have recommended various therapeutic interventions, a sequenc- ing of these multiple therapeutic managements has never been explicit. Material and Methods. Extensive literature search (e.g., Pub- Med, Google Scholar), as well as over 20 years of clinical ex- perience have been used to develop a comprehensive clinical optometric protocol for sequencing of available therapeutic optometric management for pediatric nystagmus. Results. A comprehensive multi-modal therapeutic protocol for pediatric patients with nystagmus is presented. It includes: refraction, contact lenses, biofeedback, vision therapy, low vision, and referrals for ancillary treatment. Conclusion. For the first time, a detailed and comprehen- sive clinical protocol for the management of the pediatric patient with nystagmus has been presented. This should allow for improved patient care, especially with respect to the developmental aspects of nystagmus to provide optimal vision early in life. Keywords Nystagmus, management of nystagmus, biofeedback, contact lenses, prism, eye movements