道德维度中的事件现象:内在形式与关键因素

Valeriy Zhulay
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摘要

这篇文章提出了一个问题,如果我们从伦理的角度来看待人类的存在,那么什么是事件。作者探讨了一个人对他或她认为具有道德意义的东西的实现程度,以及道德共同体其他成员接受这种实现的可能性。在作者看来,这项任务需要特别关注人类存在的伦理维度,在那里似乎有可能诊断和分析变化,这些变化带来了一个人的道德设定的伦理转变。在这篇文章中,这种程度的变化被定义为道德事件(而不仅仅是对事件的道德评估,这可能会让一个人毫发无损)。作者将道德事件划分为两个层次:第一个层次是道德自我实现,它只需要事件本身被社会的其他成员所承认,第二个层次是上述自我实现被他人所接受,成为道德事件。作者从查尔斯·泰勒提出的“承认”概念出发,认为这一概念不足以全面理解他人对道德事件的“完全”接受。文中介绍的“被他人接受”的概念,使我们有可能把握道德事件中难以定义的组成部分,如人类内在情感、智力和以信仰为中心的倾向的改变。此外,作者还提出了通过道德事件的内在空间和时间作为事件的形式来探索道德事件的思想。道德事件的内在空间被定义为在场,内在时间被定义为其戏剧性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Phenomenon of the event in moral dimension: inner form and crucial factors
The article raises a question of what turns out to be the event, if we take human existence in its ethical dimension. The author explores the levels of actualization by a person of that, which is considered by he or she as morally significant, as well as possibilities of accepting this actualization by other members of the moral community. To the author’s opinion, this task demands a special attention to the ethic dimension of human existence, where a possibility appears to diagnose and analyze changes, which bring about an ethical shift of one’s moral set. Changes of such a level are conceptualized in the article as moral event (and not just a moral assessment of an event, which can leave a man untouched). The author sets apart the two levels of moral eventness: the first is moral self-actualization, which entails no more than event-for-itself to be merely recognized by other members of the community, and the second — when aforementioned self-actualization is accepted by others to become the moral Event as such. Starting out from the notion of “recognition” worked out by Charles Taylor, author claims that this notion is insufficient for thorough understanding of a “fully-fledged” acceptance of the moral event by others. The concept of “acceptance by Others”, introduced in the article, makes it possible to grasp such hardly defined components of the moral event as alterations in inner emotional, intellectual and faith-focused dispositions of a human being. Additionally, author grounds the idea of exploring the moral event through its inner space and time as forms of eventness. Inner space of the moral event is defined as the presence, while inner time as its dramaturgy.
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