{"title":"人才流失还是人才增加?重新考虑人才流失的新经济学","authors":"J. Brzozowski","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1288043","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The debate on the economic implications of skilled migration for the home countries is a long-lasting phenomenon. This issue has been discussed for almost fifty years. During this period, most of the scholars (eg. Bhagwati and Hamada 1974, Portes, 1976) believed that skilled migration is detrimental for the countries of origin, while the host economies benefited from the inflow of skilled labor. Thus the notion of brain drain - harmful for the developing economies, and brain gain - profitable for developed countries - came into being, and is still present in the literature. However, in the mid of 1990s, a new strand of research on skilled migration became visible. This new school - the new economics of brain drain - argued that brain drain must not be detrimental for the countries of origin. Under certain circumstances, migration of professionals from developing economies may be in fact a \"blessing in disguise\" - and the potential gains could be higher than costs.The economists (such as Mountford, 1997, Beine et al., 2001 and 2003, Stark, 2005) from the new economics of brain drain have renewed the discussion on the economic consequences of skilled migration. However, their optimistic view of brain drain has been heavily criticized. The paper presents the main propositions of this new approach. Then it discusses the claims of the opponents of new economics of brain drain and brings new explanations why the brain drain is detrimental: both on theoretical and empirical ground.","PeriodicalId":383948,"journal":{"name":"New Institutional Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"15","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Brain Drain or Brain Gain? The New Economics of Brain Drain Reconsidered\",\"authors\":\"J. Brzozowski\",\"doi\":\"10.2139/ssrn.1288043\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The debate on the economic implications of skilled migration for the home countries is a long-lasting phenomenon. This issue has been discussed for almost fifty years. During this period, most of the scholars (eg. Bhagwati and Hamada 1974, Portes, 1976) believed that skilled migration is detrimental for the countries of origin, while the host economies benefited from the inflow of skilled labor. Thus the notion of brain drain - harmful for the developing economies, and brain gain - profitable for developed countries - came into being, and is still present in the literature. However, in the mid of 1990s, a new strand of research on skilled migration became visible. This new school - the new economics of brain drain - argued that brain drain must not be detrimental for the countries of origin. Under certain circumstances, migration of professionals from developing economies may be in fact a \\\"blessing in disguise\\\" - and the potential gains could be higher than costs.The economists (such as Mountford, 1997, Beine et al., 2001 and 2003, Stark, 2005) from the new economics of brain drain have renewed the discussion on the economic consequences of skilled migration. However, their optimistic view of brain drain has been heavily criticized. The paper presents the main propositions of this new approach. Then it discusses the claims of the opponents of new economics of brain drain and brings new explanations why the brain drain is detrimental: both on theoretical and empirical ground.\",\"PeriodicalId\":383948,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"New Institutional Economics\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2008-10-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"15\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"New Institutional Economics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1288043\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"New Institutional Economics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1288043","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
摘要
关于技术移民对母国的经济影响的辩论是一个长期存在的现象。这个问题已经讨论了将近五十年。在这一时期,大多数学者(如。Bhagwati和Hamada (1974, Portes, 1976)认为技术移民对原籍国不利,而东道国则受益于技术劳动力的流入。因此,对发展中经济体有害的人才流失和对发达国家有利的人才获得的概念应运而生,并且仍然存在于文献中。然而,在20世纪90年代中期,一项关于技术移民的新研究浮出水面。这一新的学派——人才流失的新经济学——认为,人才流失一定不会对原籍国造成损害。在某些情况下,来自发展中经济体的专业人员的移民实际上可能是“因祸得福”——潜在的收益可能高于成本。来自人才流失新经济学的经济学家(如Mountford, 1997, Beine et al., 2001和2003,Stark, 2005)重新讨论了技术移民的经济后果。然而,他们对人才流失的乐观看法受到了严厉批评。本文提出了这种新方法的主要主张。然后,它讨论了新经济学的反对者关于人才流失的主张,并从理论和实证的角度对人才流失有害的原因做出了新的解释。
Brain Drain or Brain Gain? The New Economics of Brain Drain Reconsidered
The debate on the economic implications of skilled migration for the home countries is a long-lasting phenomenon. This issue has been discussed for almost fifty years. During this period, most of the scholars (eg. Bhagwati and Hamada 1974, Portes, 1976) believed that skilled migration is detrimental for the countries of origin, while the host economies benefited from the inflow of skilled labor. Thus the notion of brain drain - harmful for the developing economies, and brain gain - profitable for developed countries - came into being, and is still present in the literature. However, in the mid of 1990s, a new strand of research on skilled migration became visible. This new school - the new economics of brain drain - argued that brain drain must not be detrimental for the countries of origin. Under certain circumstances, migration of professionals from developing economies may be in fact a "blessing in disguise" - and the potential gains could be higher than costs.The economists (such as Mountford, 1997, Beine et al., 2001 and 2003, Stark, 2005) from the new economics of brain drain have renewed the discussion on the economic consequences of skilled migration. However, their optimistic view of brain drain has been heavily criticized. The paper presents the main propositions of this new approach. Then it discusses the claims of the opponents of new economics of brain drain and brings new explanations why the brain drain is detrimental: both on theoretical and empirical ground.