Instrumentation Electrode Configuration Signal Processing and Applications of Brain Computer Interfacing: A Review

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a fast-emerging technology in which researchers aims to build a direct channel between the human brain and external electronic device. The methods used for this may be invasive (ECoG), or non-invasive (EEG, MEG, fMRI, etc.). EEG-based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is used to scale the brain movement and convert them into control signals for monitoring and control. These systems are used to develop several applications like Limb Replacements for paralyzed or disabled people, Military Enhancement, Driving Safety, Games and Entertainment, Emotion Classification, etc. Though non-invasive systems have limitations in terms of ability to detect and measure electrical activity of small groups of neurons. However, they can be used for monitoring general cognitive state and brain activity for diagnosis of brain disorders and mental health issues. The review of brain activity mapping techniques, instrumentation, signal processing, and applications of BCI is presented in this paper.