抹香鲸在罗斯海地区全年觅食

Giacomo Giorli, M. Pinkerton
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摘要

利用被动声学资料,研究了南大洋罗斯海地区抹香鲸(Physeter macrocephalus)的季节和空间分布。两台自主多通道声波记录仪(AMARs)于2018年夏季部署,停泊在海床上方约10米的地方,一年后回收。北部AMAR (A3)位于63.7°S的太平洋-南极脊上,南部AMAR (A1)位于73.1°S的Iselin Bank上,是罗斯海大陆斜坡的一部分。使用信号处理脚本检测抹香鲸回声定位信号,并通过目视检查频谱图进行验证。我们的研究结果表明,抹香鲸全年都在罗斯海地区出现。在A1,抹香鲸的声音在2月到11月之间的每个月都被检测到,但在12月和1月没有。鲸鱼最常在2月份被检测到,平均每小时被检测到0.310次。除2月无观测外,每个月均在A3站检测到抹香鲸发声。我们的研究结果与去年12月至今年2月期间在罗斯海地区捕鱼和研究船只上发现抹香鲸的报告数量很少形成对比。同月在A3发现抹香鲸的概率平均比A1高14.2倍,每月平均每小时在A3发现抹香鲸的概率平均比A1高74.4倍。在A1,我们发现它们明显倾向于在白天觅食,而不是在夜间或航海黄昏。相比之下,在A3,抹香鲸的出现没有明显的白天/黄昏/夜晚/黎明差异。低海冰浓度(< 80%)和~ 50公里范围内的开阔水域是提高抹香鲸检出率(每小时检出率100 - 0.1次)的必要条件,但不是充分条件。总的来说,我们的研究提供了抹香鲸发生的基线信息,并建立了一种跟踪长期变化的方法,以帮助评估罗斯海地区海洋保护区的保护价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sperm whales forage year-round in the ross sea region
We investigated the seasonal and spatial occurrence of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) in the Ross Sea region of the Southern Ocean derived from passive acoustic data. Two Autonomous Multichannel Acoustic Recorders (AMARs) moored about 10 m above the seabed were deployed in the austral summer of 2018 and recovered 1 year later. The northern AMAR (A3) was located on the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge at 63.7°S and the southern AMAR (A1) at 73.1°S on the Iselin Bank, part of the continental slope of the Ross Sea. Sperm whale echolocation signals were detected using signal processing scripts and validated by visual inspection of spectrograms. Our results demonstrate that sperm whales are present in the Ross Sea region year-round. At A1, sperm whale vocalisations were detected in every month between February and November, but absent in December and January. Whales were detected most often in February with an average of 0.310 detections per hour. Sperm whale vocalisations were detected at station A3 in every month except February when we had no observations. Our results contrast to a paucity of reported sightings of sperm whales from fishing and research vessels in the Ross Sea region between December and February. Probabilities of detecting sperm whales at A3 were on average 14.2 times higher than at A1 for the same month and monthly mean detections per hour were an average of 74.4 times higher at A3 than A1. At A1, we found a significant preference for day-time foraging rather than during the night or nautical twilight. In contrast, at A3, no clear day/dusk/night/dawn differences in sperm whale occurrence were found. Low sea-ice concentration (< 80%) and open water within ∼50 km were necessary but not sufficient conditions for higher detection rates of sperm whales (>0.1 detections per hour). Overall, our research provides baseline information on sperm whale occurrence and establishes a method to track long-term change to help evaluate the conservation value of the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area.
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