给定功率因数的异步推进电动机设计方法

V. F. Samoseyko, Sergey Vladimirovich Sharashkin
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摘要

本文考虑了提高电能质量,特别是功率因数的问题。功率因数的增加导致船舶电网中电流的无功分量减少,从而导致转换设备、发电机和电缆产品的功率降低。在马卡罗夫海军上将国立海事和内河航运大学沿海发电厂电力驱动和电气设备系开发的船舶电机设计方法中,研究了一个章节,该部分允许在设计阶段评估异步电动机的参数。今天,在设计电机时,使用的是上个世纪发展起来的方法,这些方法不允许根据功率因数的要求值进行电磁计算。在确定机构的主要参数后,已知功率因数由经验公式确定。考虑了包含定子和转子绕组参数的异步电动机等效电路,以及基于基尔霍夫定律方程的等效电路的数学描述。对静态工作模式下描述发动机电磁过程的复杂方程进行了变换。给出了可以确定磁化电流、导电性、磁化力、气隙和磁饱和系数、电动机的总体尺寸以及电动机产生的电磁转矩的表达式。根据变换后的异步电动机方程,导出了在设计阶段确定功率因数值作为初始数据的规律。分析了应用方法论的现实意义和所选课题的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Method of designing asynchronous propulsion motors with given power factor
The article considers the problem of improving the quality of electricity, in particular the power factor. The increased value of the power factor leads to decreasing the reactive component of the currents in the ship power network and, as a result, to a decreased power of converting equipment, generators and cable products. There is studied a section in the methodology of designing ship electrical machines developed at the Department of Electric Drives and Electrical Equipment of Coastal Power Plants in Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, which allows to evaluate the parameters of asynchronous electric motors at the design stage. Today, in designing electrical machines there are used the methods developed in the last century, which do not allow to carry out electromagnetic calculations subject to the required value of the power factor. The power factor is known to be determined by empirical formulas after setting the main parameters of the mechanism. The equivalent circuit of asynchronous electric motor containing the parameters of stator and rotor windings, and its mathematical description based on equations corresponding to Kirchhoff's laws are considered. Transformations of the equations describing the electromagnetic processes in the engine given for the static mode of operation in a complex form are made. There are given the expressions that allow determining the magnetizing current, magnetic conductivities, magnetizing forces, air gap and magnetic saturation coefficients, overall dimensions of the electric motor, and electromagnetic torque that it develops. Basing on the transformed equations describing an asynchronous electric motor there have been derived the regularities that help set the value of the power factor as initial data at the stage of design. The practical significance of the applied methodology and importance of the chosen subject have been analyzed.
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