高盐度条件下设计多功能表面活性剂混合剂在水力压裂中的效益分析——以密西西比石灰岩区块为例

Xiao Jin, Alhad Phatak, Dawn M. Friesen, A. Sanders, Ginger Ren, Nicholas A. Koster
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引用次数: 1

摘要

表面活性剂通常在水力压裂应用中用于执行单一功能,这导致在操作过程中使用多种表面活性剂。在本研究中,使用滑溜水压裂液体系进行了流动循环和岩心驱替测试,并结合分析了反排表面活性剂的有效性及其提高减摩剂性能的能力。一种多功能表面活性剂共混物(MSB)与表面活性剂配方进行了测试,这些表面活性剂配方通常用作反排助剂或在恶劣条件下用作低成本减摩剂的性能增强剂。利用密西西比石灰岩井进行了案例研究,将实验室调查与现场观察相关联。在实验室评估中,每种表面活性剂溶液都在盐浓度为200000 mg/L的合成盐水中使用减摩聚合物进行测试,以代表恶劣的现场条件。在储层条件下进行了岩心驱油试验,以重新获得的渗透率来评价反排效率。为了测试表面活性剂改善减阻(FR)性能的能力,采用了一种0.4-in。采用内径摩擦流动回路。在现场规模的应用中,4口井进行了水力压裂,其中2口井作为对照井,另外2口井添加了MSB。利用完井和生产数据,比较了这些井的性能和MSB在油田规模上的效果。摩擦流环测试表明,含有常用反排表面活性剂配方(包括MSB)的滑溜水,即使在高钙(13000 mg/L)合成盐水中,也能大大提高经济的淡水减阻剂的性能。在循环测试中使用的滑溜水/表面活性剂流体在岩心驱替测试中进行了评估。根据岩心样品中聚合物引起的损伤程度,含有MSB的流体提供了最一致的恢复渗透率。实验室规模的研究表明,MSB既可以缓解聚合物损伤,又可以作为FR的性能增强剂,从而为滑溜水压裂选择更经济的减摩剂。在现场应用中,在压裂液中加入MSB,可以提高产油量,减少油井早期的补救作业需求。研究结果表明,通过合理利用摩擦流环和岩心驱油实验室规模实验,可以为现场水力压裂作业选择优化的MSB。通过选择返排表面活性剂配方,同时提高减摩剂的性能,降低减摩剂用量或更经济的减摩剂可能会在现场规模上节省操作成本。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analyzing the Benefits of Designing a Multifunctional Surfactant Blend From Laboratory Scale to Field Scale in Hydraulic Fracturing under High-Salinity Conditions: A Case Study of the Mississippian Limestone Play
Surfactants are typically used in hydraulic fracturing applications to perform a single function, which results in multiple surfactants being used during operations. In this study, flow loop and coreflood tests were conducted with slickwater fracturing fluid systems and analyzed in conjunction to observe the effectiveness of flowback surfactants and their ability to increase friction reducer performance. A multifunctional surfactant blend (MSB) is tested against surfactant formulations commonly used either as a flowback aid or as a performance enhancer for low-cost friction reducers in harsh conditions. A case study is conducted using wells in the Mississippian limestone play to correlate laboratory investigations to field observations. Each surfactant solution was tested with a friction-reducing polymer in synthetic brine containing a salt concentration of 200 000 mg/L representative of harsh field conditions in the laboratory evaluation. Coreflood tests were conducted under reservoir conditions to evaluate flowback efficiency quantified by regained permeability. To test the ability of the surfactants to improve friction reduction (FR) performance, a 0.4-in. inner diameter friction flow loop was used. In the field-scale application, four wells were hydraulically fractured with two wells acting as control cases and two wells including the addition of the MSB. Completions and production data are presented to compare the performances of the wells and the efficacy of the MSB at the field scale. Friction flow loop testing showed that slickwater fluids with commonly used flowback surfactant formulations, including the MSB, can greatly improve the performance of economical freshwater friction reducers, even in a high calcium (13 000 mg/L) synthetic brine. The same slickwater/surfactant fluids used in the flow loop tests were evaluated in coreflood tests. Depending on the degree of polymer-induced damage created in the core samples, fluids containing the MSB offered the most consistent regained permeability. The laboratory-scale study shows that the MSB is functional for both polymer damage mitigation and acts as a performance booster for the FR, allowing a more economical friction reducer to be selected for slickwater fracturing. In field applications, including the MSB in the fracturing fluid resulted in increased oil production volumes and/or a reduced need for remedial operations throughout the early life of the well. The results of this study show that by properly utilizing the friction flow loop and coreflood laboratory-scale experiments, an optimized MSB can be selected for hydraulic fracturing operations at the field scale. By selecting a flowback surfactant formulation that also increases friction reducer performance, a lower friction reducer dosage or a more economical friction reducer can potentially lead to operational savings at the field scale.
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