采用单压电换能器进行阻抗匹配和数字信号处理的精密超声测距传感器

J. Kredba, Miroslav Holada
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引用次数: 2

摘要

超声波测距传感器基本原理的简单性使其广泛应用于许多技术分支,如移动机器人,汽车或工业自动化。然而,在大多数情况下,这些传感器只能提供到最近的可探测物体的距离信息。这可能会限制它们在测量对象附近有其他障碍物的应用中使用。提出了一种利用一个压电超声传感器高精度测量多目标距离的方法。本文所描述的方法是基于数字信号处理,主要是数字滤波和相移相结合的方法。仅使用一个压电换能器来发射和接收超声波,以减少所需元件的数量。为了提高压电换能器的信噪比,提高测量精度,设计了阻抗匹配电路。这些获得的信号处理方法允许使用谐振频率为40 kHz的低成本压电换能器以1毫米分辨率测量超过3米的多个物体距离。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Precision ultrasonic range sensor using one piezoelectric transducer with impedance matching and digital signal processing
The simplicity of the fundamental principle of ultrasonic range sensors allows their wide use in many technical branches, such as mobile robotics, automotive or industrial automation. However, in most cases these sensors are able to provide only information about the distance to the nearest detectable object. This may limit their use in applications where other obstacles can be found in the vicinity of measured object. This paper presents one way of measuring distances to multiple objects with high precision by one piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor. Method, which is described in this paper, is based on digital signal processing, mainly on digital filtering and combination of cross-correlation and phase shifting methods. Only one piezoelectric transducer was used for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to reduce the number of needed elements. The impedance matching circuit to the piezoelectric transducer was designed to increase signal to noise ratio and to improve measurement accuracy. These methods of acquired signal processing allowed measuring of multiple object distances with 1 mm resolution for more than 3 m by using low cost piezoelectric transducers with resonant frequency of 40 kHz.
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