公共行政形式的类型:更新理论方法

V. Bila
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摘要

这篇文章提出了更新公共行政形式类型的方法的问题。确立了法律与公共行政组织形式的关系。建议用后一词代替常用的“非法公共行政形式”一词,“非法公共行政形式”是指公共行政机构活动的那些不产生直接法律后果的外部表现形式。对“非法形式的公共行政”一词的批评得到了支持。认为组织形式不产生法律后果并不能充分反映其法律效力。法律规定单独的组织形式是公共行政的合议制机构通过某些类型的行政决定的唯一可能,不遵守这些组织形式将导致进一步法律形式的无效。公共行政的特定活动形式组对于公共行政主体的法律活动的客观化具有特殊的法律性质和意义,因此,建议将这一组作为“公共行政的结构形式”终止。给出的有关术语的理由是有争议的。有人强调,组织形式不能在公共行政领域造成法律后果,并不剥夺其在私人法律关系中造成法律后果的性质。应当指出,公共行政可以以公法形式和私法形式行事,公共行政形式只是公法形式的一部分,公法形式还包括其他类型的法律形式,其使用由现行立法规则作出规定。会议的结论是,公共行政作为执行机构、地方自治机构的职能及其与民间社会的关系的概念,大大改变了公共行政的法律形式和组织形式之间的相互关系,并加强到有时无法在这些形式之间划清界限的程度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
TYPES OF FORM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: UPDATING DOCTRINAL APPROACHES
The article poses the question of updating approaches to types of forms of public administration. Therelationship between legal and organizational forms of public administration is established. The latter term is proposed to use insteadof the commonly used phrase "unlawful forms of public administration", which is used to denote those external manifestations of the activity of public administration bodies, which does not entail a direct legal consequence. The critique of the term "illegal forms of public administration" has been supported. It is stated that the perception of organizational forms as not causing legal consequences does not fully reflect the legal validity. Separate organizational forms are defined by law as the solepossible for the adoption of certain types of administrative decisions by collegiate bodies of public administration, and their non-compliance leads to the nullity of further legal form. The given group of forms of activity of the public administration has a special legal nature and significance for objectification of the legal activity of the subjects of public administration, in connection with which such a group is proposed to be terminated as "structural forms of public administration". The given justifications of the relevant term are presented as debatable. It was emphasized that the failure of organizational forms to cause legal consequences in the field of public administration does not in any way deprive their properties of causing legal consequences in the private legal relations. It is noted that public administration can act in public-law and private law forms, and forms of public administration are only a part of public-law forms, which include other types of legal forms, the use of which is provided for by the rules of the current legislation. It was concluded that public administration as a concept of functioning of executive bodies, local self-government bodies and their relations with civil society significantly changed the interrelationships of legal and organizational forms of public administration and strengthened them to such an extent that it is sometimes impossible to draw a clear line between these types forms.
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