数字外交:在乌克兰实施电子签证服务

I. Yakoviyk, Maksym Tsvelikh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

问题设置。在二十一世纪,科技进步的进程几乎涵盖了人类生活的所有方面。法律领域也未能幸免于这些进程:由于信息技术,某些法律服务变得更加容易获得和方便。在乌克兰,这不仅表现在建立国家立法和各种电子登记册的电子版本,而且还表现在通过有关部门提供行政服务。领事活动包括提供服务。修改提供此类行政服务的程序并以电子形式提供此类服务,可以加快乌克兰的数字化进程,减轻外交机构的工作负担,降低腐败风险。分析最近的研究和出版物。在近年来的国家法律文献中,对电子政务的关注较多(Kravets R., Kuzhda T., Romaniv T.),而对电子服务实施状况的分析(Solomko Y.),特别是电子签证服务的分析(Kolomiets G., Makhoniuk O., Mulska O.),这决定了本研究的相关性和现实意义。研究目标是调查外国公民获得进入或过境乌克兰领土的签证的电子服务的引入,以及在分析国外使用这种签证的经验的基础上,预测在乌克兰使用电子签证的前景。文章的主体。在实施签证服务方面,互联网作为提交、处理和在某些情况下提供授予入境权的现成文件的特殊平台。这可能是一个专门处理外国人签证申请的政府网站,也可能是一个专门处理移民问题的网站。电子签证概念的使用已经在国外和欧盟得到了成功的测试。它主要是由具有严格的移民政策的国家使用,为了方便和系统化其外交,领事和移民机构的工作,创建了一个电子授权系统。结论及发展展望。由于研究了电子外交现象,分析了外交和领事机构使用电子服务提供行政服务的做法,分析了拥有先进电子签证的国家的立法,评估了乌克兰电子签证的实施状况,并确定了其发展前景。国家在这方面的步骤是国家数字化改革的一部分,其实施将改善乌克兰在世界上的形象,使我国对游客具有吸引力,并优化签证签发程序,减轻外交和领事使团,处理签证申请的授权人员和乌克兰移民局的工作量。作为数字外交的一个组成部分,电子签证机构的引入为快速的双边接触和沟通提供了机会,从而有助于实现乌克兰到2025年国家移民政策战略中设定的目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Digital Diplomacy: the Implementation of Electronic Visa Services in Ukraine
Problem setting. In the XXI century almost all aspects of human life are covered by the processes of scientific and technological progress. The sphere of law has not been spared from these processes: thanks to information technologies, certain legal services have become more accessible and convenient. In Ukraine, this was manifested not only in the creation of electronic versions of national legislation and various electronic registers, but also in the provision of administrative services through the relevant services. Consular activities involve the provision of services. Amendments to the procedure for the provision of such administrative services and the provision of such services in electronic form can accelerate the process of digitalization of Ukraine, as well as unload the work of diplomatic institutions and reduce corruption risks. Analysis of recent researches and publications. In the national legal literature in recent years, much attention has been paid to e-government (Kravets R., Kuzhda T., Romaniv T.), while almost no attention is paid to the analysis of the state of implementation of electronic services (Solomko Y.), in particular electronic visa services (Kolomiets G., Makhoniuk O., Mulska O.), which determines the relevance and practical significance of this study. Target of research is to investigate the introduction of electronic services for foreign citizens to obtain a visa to enter or transit through the territory of Ukraine, as well as forecasting the prospects of using electronic visas in Ukraine based on the analysis of foreign experience of using this type of visa. Article’s main body. For the implementation of visa services, the Internet acts as a special platform for submitting, processing and, in some cases, providing a ready-made document granting the right to enter the country. This may be a special government website designed to process visa applications of foreigners or a special web application for migration issues. The use of the e-visa concept has been successfully tested in foreign countries and in the EU. It is mainly used by the states with strict immigration policies in order to facilitate and systematize the work of their diplomatic, consular and migration institutions, an electronic authorization system was created. Conclusions and prospects for the development. As a result of the study of the phenomenon of e-diplomacy, analysis of the practice of using electronic services for the provision of administrative services by diplomatic and consular institutions, analysis of the legislation of the countries with advanced e-visas, the state of implementation of e-visas in Ukraine was assessed and the prospects for their development were determined. The steps of the state in this direction are part of a large reform of digitalization of the country, the implementation of which will improve the image of Ukraine in the world, make our country attractive for tourists, as well as optimize the visa issuance procedure, relieving the workload of diplomatic and consular missions, authorized persons for processing visa applications and the Migration Service of Ukraine. The introduction of the e-visa institute as an element of digital diplomacy provides an opportunity for quick bilateral contact and communication, and thus contributes to the achievement of the goals set in the Strategy of State Migration Policy of Ukraine until 2025.
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