网约车服务的兴起及其对中国城市交通的影响

Shaoqing Huang
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在线叫车服务(Online ride-网约车服务,简称ORS)是一种利用移动互联网技术提供叫车和通勤服务的新型商业模式,于2009年在美国旧金山兴起,并迅速扩展到全球主要城市。ORS发起了一场针对传统出租车服务的革命,并对城市居民的通勤偏好和城市交通产生了重大影响。中国是网约车服务的先行者之一。中国第一家ORS提供商早在2010年就开始运营,之后各种叫车移动应用和运营平台纷纷登台。中国的网约车市场经历了诞生、快速增长和政府官方监管的三个阶段。在线叫车服务的兴起重塑了出租车行业和中国城市交通动态的整体格局;因此,有必要对其在中国的发展现状进行系统的概述,并发现其对解决中国城市交通问题的政策的影响。接下来将进行详细的讨论。第二部分从发展背景、发展阶段和模式三个方面分析了中国ORS兴起的原因。第3部分将建立一个理论模型来分析网约车服务对城市交通的影响,并结合一些来自中国城市的经验证据。第四部分将简要介绍中国政府于2016年推出的新监管框架,并讨论其在不同城市的实施情况。最后一节将提供相关讨论和政策建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The rise of online ride-hailing services and their impact on urban transport in China
Online ride-hailing services (ORS) (including tailored taxi services, express taxi services,1 ride-sharing services, and so on), as a new business mode using mobile Internet technology for ride-hailing and commuting services, started in San Francisco in the US in 2009 and expanded rapidly to major cities across the globe. ORS initiated a revolution against traditional taxi services and has had significant influence on the commuting preferences of city residents and urban transport. China is one of the pioneers in terms of online ride-hailing services. The first Chinese ORS provider started operation as early as 2010, after which various ride-hailing mobile applications and operating platforms came to the stage. Chinese online ride-hailing markets have experienced the phases of birth, rapid growth and regulation through official supervision by the government. The rise of online ride-hailing services has reshaped the entire landscape of the taxi industry and Chinese cities’ traffic dynamics; therefore, it is necessary to have a systemic overview of its developing status in China and discover its effect on policies developed to address the traffic in Chinese cities. A detailed discussion will follow. Section 2 analyses the reasons for the ORS boom in China from the perspective of its background, developing phases and modes. Section 3 will develop a theoretical model to analyse the impact of online ride-hailing services on city traffic, in alignment with some empirical evidence from a few Chinese cities. Section 4 will briefly introduce the new regulation framework rolled out by the Chinese government in 2016 and discuss its implementation in different cities. The last section will provide relevant discussions and policy propositions.
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