Canal Configuration of Maxillary Premolars in Cukurova Population: A CBCT Analysis

Summary Background/Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomy of root-canal systems and numbers of permanent maxillary premolars’ roots and canals, using cone beam computed tomography scans. Material and Methods: In this retrospective and observational study, maxillary right/left and first/second premolars of patients who were screened with cone beam computed tomography for various reasons in a Turkish dental school, were examined. Evaluated parameters were age, gender, canal configuration (Vertucci classification) and numbers of roots and canals. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 1086 maxillary premolars including 555 first premolars and 531 second premolars were examined in 331 patients (186 female, 145 male). Presence of two roots was shown in 75% of first premolars. 76.3% of second premolars were found to have a single root. Most common canal configuration was type IV (73.2%) for first premolars and type II (32.4%) for second premolars. There was a significant relationship between gender and numbers of first and second premolars’ roots and canals. Conclusions: High heterogeneity of maxillary premolar root-canal system anatomy should be considered during endodontic treatment.