电动飞机用外模线冷却电动机

Thomas F. Tallerico, Andrew D. Smith, Jerald T. Thompson, E. L. Pierson, C. Hilliker, David Avanesian, Wesley A. Miller, Kyle W. Monaghan
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引用次数: 3

摘要

为了成为传统飞机的可行替代品,电动飞机需要具有高比功率、高效率和可靠性的电力推进电机。电机热管理是开发满足这些要求的电机的关键,因为电机功率密度的增加通常会增加电机损耗密度,电机效率随着电机温度的降低而提高,电机绕组寿命与峰值绕组温度直接相关。液体冷却回路、散热器、内部流和热交换器都可以用来冷却电动飞机上的电动机;然而,这些组件增加了飞机的质量、损失、复杂性和阻力。因此,电动飞机驱动系统设计的问题就变成了如何在电机性能与热管理系统的尺寸、质量、功率和复杂性之间进行权衡。本文试图回答这样一个问题:在没有明确的热管理系统或功能来冷却电机的情况下,在电机与热管理系统交易空间的一个极端端可以实现什么电机性能。这项任务是通过为电动飞机设计发动机来完成的,这些发动机仅由它们所在的短舱外模线(OML)上的螺旋桨尾流冷却,因此没有热管理系统。为NASA的Maxwell X-57飞机设计的原型电机用于OML冷却电机设计工具的开发。该工具用于为X-57生产高保真OML冷却电机设计,在总质量约25.5 kg的情况下,效率达到>96%。然后使用设计工具来评估OML冷却电动机在各种功率水平和热环境下的可能性能。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Outer Mold Line Cooled Electric Motors for Electric Aircraft
To be viable alternatives to traditional aircraft, electric aircraft require electric propulsion motors with high specific power, efficiency, and reliability. Motor thermal management is key to developing electric motors that meet these requirements, because increasing motor power density generally increases motor loss density, motor efficiency improves as motor temperature is reduced, and motor winding life is directly related to peak winding temperature. Liquid cooling loops, heat sinks, internal flow, and heat exchangers can all be used to cool electric motors on electric aircraft; however, these components add mass, losses, complexity, and drag to an aircraft. The question in the design of an electric aircraft’s drive system therefore becomes how to trade motor performance versus the size, mass, power, and complexity of the thermal management system. This paper seeks to answer the question of what motor performance can be achieved at one extreme end of this motor vs thermal management system trade space where no explicit thermal management system or features are used to cool the motor. This task is completed by designing motors for electric aircraft that are cooled only by the propeller wake on the outer mold line (OML) of the nacelles they sit in and therefore have no thermal management system. A prototype motor designed for NASA’s Maxwell X-57 aircraft is used to inform the development of an OML cooled motor design tool. That tool is used to produce a high fidelity OML cooled motor design for X-57 that achieves >96% efficiency at a total mass of ~25.5 kg. The design tool is then used to evaluate the possible performance of OML cooled electric motors for various power levels and thermal environments.
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