基于风险的水下井口连接器完整性评估和寿命延长程序

G. Sigurdsson, T. Hørte, M. Macke, A. Wormsen, L. Reinås
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引用次数: 0

摘要

水下井口是18 3/4”井眼连接器的公部,用于连接水下组件,如钻井防喷器、XT或修井系统,这些组件配备了一个母部——井口连接器。海底井口有一个外部锁定剖面,用于将预加载的井口连接器与匹配的内部剖面相连接。当连接器被锁在海底时,就会形成金属对金属密封,并形成结构管道。海底井口剖面的细节由井口用户指定,标准化的h4轮毂得到了广泛的应用。就井的完整性而言,井口接头在建井(钻井)活动和油田(生产)寿命期间都是一个屏障元件。由于海底钻井作业的性质,井口连接器将承受外部载荷。因此,疲劳和塑性破坏是两种潜在的破坏模式。这两种失效模式分别是由于荷载的循环性质和潜在的偶然和极端单荷载。通过确定的工程方法,可以确定井口连接器具有结构能力的安全载荷水平,使其不发生故障。同样,确定性计算的安全疲劳寿命是在不检查的情况下防止疲劳失效的使用极限。概率工程方法;结构可靠性分析(SRA)可以应用于海底井口连接器,以确定疲劳失效(PoF)的概率。基于风险的检验(RBI)是一种概率分析方法,需要量化PoF和失效后果(CoF)。RBI结果可用于优化检查计划,以确保安全的PoF目标水平。RBI方法被广泛接受,并且可以在几个标准中找到指导。海底井口通常被归类为不可检查的。在钻井作业开始时,井口的最上面部分(包括H4轮毂剖面的高压外壳)将是可见的,因此可以进行检查。当井口连接器被锁定时,也可以进入最上面的部分进行检查。在SRA的基础上,提出并建立了适用于水下井口的通用RBI程序,适用于带有H4轮毂的27”心轴的通用案例。然后,本文继续提供井口检测工具/方法有效所需的最大不可检测缺陷尺寸性能。意外荷载、循环荷载大小和不确定性的重要性影响了这一结论。在钻井作业过程中,定期进行防喷器连接器泄漏测试的潜在检测价值也进行了研究,结果表明该测试是有条件限制的。本文提出了一种将RBI应用于井口外部锁定剖面在连接到井口连接器时延长其使用寿命的方法。目标是为有效的检验工具/方法提出最低性能要求。最后,介绍了RBI结果在井完整性风险评估中的潜在影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Risk Based Integrity Assessment and Life Extension Procedure for Subsea Wellhead Connectors
Subsea Wellheads are the male part of an 18 3/4” bore connector used for connecting subsea components such as drilling BOP, XT or Workover systems equipped with a female counterpart — a wellhead connector. Subsea wellheads have an external locking profile for engaging a preloaded wellhead connector with matching internal profile. When the connector is locked subsea a metal-to-metal sealing is obtained and a structural conduit is formed. The details of the subsea wellhead profile are specified by the wellhead user and the standarisedH4 hub has a widespread use. In terms of well integrity, the wellhead connector is a barrier element during both well construction (drilling) activities and life of field (production). Due to the nature of subsea drilling operations a wellhead connector will be subjected to external loads. Fatigue and plastic collapse are therefore two potential failure modes. These two failure modes are due to the cyclic nature of the loads and the potential for accidental and extreme single loads respectively. Establishing the safe load level that the wellhead connector has structural capacity to handle without failure can be done by deterministic engineering methods. Similarly, a deterministic calculated safe fatigue life is the use limit preventing fatigue failure, assuming no inspections. Probabilistic engineering method; Structural Reliability Analysis (SRA), can be applied to a subsea wellhead connector to establish the probability of fatigue failure (PoF). Risk Based Inspection (RBI) is a probabilistic analysis procedure that requires quantified PoF and Consequence of Failure (CoF). The RBI outcome may be used to optimized inspection plans to ensure a safe PoF target level. The RBI methodology is widely accepted, and guidance can be found in several standards. Subsea wellheads are normally classified as un-inspectable. During drilling operations commencement, the uppermost section of the wellhead (high pressure housing including H4 hub profile) will be visible and accessible thus allowing for inspection. This uppermost section may also accessible for inspection when a wellhead connector is locked on. From an SRA basis a generic RBI procedure applicable to subsea wellheads are proposed and established for a generic case of a 27” mandrel with a H4 hub. This paper then proceeds to providing the maximum non detectable flaw size performance required for a wellhead inspection tool/method to be efficient. The importance of accidental load and cyclic load magnitude and uncertainty is shown to impact this conclusion. The potential inspectional value of performing BOP connector leak test at regular intervals during the drilling operation has also been investigated and shown to be conditionally limited. This paper proposes a procedure for application of RBI to the problem of achieving life extension of a wellhead external locking profile while connected to a wellhead connector. The objective is to propose minimum performance requirements for the inspection tool/method to be efficient. Finally, the potential impact of RBI results in a well integrity risk assessment is covered.
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