{"title":"气态玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚物","authors":"I. Kenyon","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198808350.003.0016","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The (gaseous) BECs are introduced: clouds of 106−8 alkali metal atoms, usually 87Rb or 23Na, below ~1 μK. The laser cooling and magnetic trapping are described including the evaporation step needed to reach the conditions for condensation. The magnetooptical and Ioffe–Pritchard traps are described. Imaging methods, both destructive and non-destructive are described. Evidence of condensation is presented; and of interference between separated clouds, thus confirming the coherence of the condensates. The measurement of the condensate fraction is recounted. The Gross–Pitaevskii analysis of condensate properties is given in an appendix. How Bragg spectroscopy is used to obtain the dispersion relation for excitations is detailed. Finally the BEC/BCS crossover is introduced and the role therein of Feshbach resonances.","PeriodicalId":165376,"journal":{"name":"Quantum 20/20","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Gaseous Bose–Einstein condensates\",\"authors\":\"I. Kenyon\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/oso/9780198808350.003.0016\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The (gaseous) BECs are introduced: clouds of 106−8 alkali metal atoms, usually 87Rb or 23Na, below ~1 μK. The laser cooling and magnetic trapping are described including the evaporation step needed to reach the conditions for condensation. The magnetooptical and Ioffe–Pritchard traps are described. Imaging methods, both destructive and non-destructive are described. Evidence of condensation is presented; and of interference between separated clouds, thus confirming the coherence of the condensates. The measurement of the condensate fraction is recounted. The Gross–Pitaevskii analysis of condensate properties is given in an appendix. How Bragg spectroscopy is used to obtain the dispersion relation for excitations is detailed. Finally the BEC/BCS crossover is introduced and the role therein of Feshbach resonances.\",\"PeriodicalId\":165376,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Quantum 20/20\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2019-09-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Quantum 20/20\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808350.003.0016\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Quantum 20/20","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808350.003.0016","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
The (gaseous) BECs are introduced: clouds of 106−8 alkali metal atoms, usually 87Rb or 23Na, below ~1 μK. The laser cooling and magnetic trapping are described including the evaporation step needed to reach the conditions for condensation. The magnetooptical and Ioffe–Pritchard traps are described. Imaging methods, both destructive and non-destructive are described. Evidence of condensation is presented; and of interference between separated clouds, thus confirming the coherence of the condensates. The measurement of the condensate fraction is recounted. The Gross–Pitaevskii analysis of condensate properties is given in an appendix. How Bragg spectroscopy is used to obtain the dispersion relation for excitations is detailed. Finally the BEC/BCS crossover is introduced and the role therein of Feshbach resonances.
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